* CLICKHOUSE-4063: less manual html @ index.md * CLICKHOUSE-4063: recommend markdown="1" in README.md * CLICKHOUSE-4003: manually purge custom.css for now * CLICKHOUSE-4064: expand <details> before any print (including to pdf) * CLICKHOUSE-3927: rearrange interfaces/formats.md a bit * CLICKHOUSE-3306: add few http headers * Remove copy-paste introduced in #3392 * Hopefully better chinese fonts #3392 * get rid of tabs @ custom.css * Apply comments and patch from #3384 * Add jdbc.md to ToC and some translation, though it still looks badly incomplete * minor punctuation * Add some backlinks to official website from mirrors that just blindly take markdown sources * Do not make fonts extra light * find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's//g' {} * find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's/ sql/g' {} * Remove outdated stuff from roadmap.md * Not so light font on front page too * Refactor Chinese formats.md to match recent changes in other languages * Update some links on front page * Remove some outdated comment * Add twitter link to front page * More front page links tuning * Add Amsterdam meetup link * Smaller font to avoid second line * Add Amsterdam link to README.md * Proper docs nav translation * Back to 300 font-weight except Chinese * fix docs build * Update Amsterdam link * remove symlinks * more zh punctuation * apply lost comment by @zhang2014 * Apply comments by @zhang2014 from #3417 * Remove Beijing link * rm incorrect symlink * restore content of docs/zh/operations/table_engines/index.md * CLICKHOUSE-3751: stem terms while searching docs * CLICKHOUSE-3751: use English stemmer in non-English docs too * CLICKHOUSE-4135 fix * Remove past meetup link * Add blog link to top nav * Add ContentSquare article link * Add form link to front page + refactor some texts * couple markup fixes * minor * Introduce basic ODBC driver page in docs * More verbose 3rd party libs disclaimer * Put third-party stuff into a separate folder * Separate third-party stuff in ToC too * Update links * Move stuff that is not really (only) a client library into a separate page * Add clickhouse-hdfs-loader link * Some introduction for "interfaces" section * Rewrite tcp.md * http_interface.md -> http.md * fix link * Remove unconvenient error for now * try to guess anchor instead of failing * remove symlink * Remove outdated info from introduction * remove ru roadmap.md * replace ru roadmap.md with symlink * Update roadmap.md * lost file * Title case in toc_en.yml * Sync "Functions" ToC section with en * Remove reference to pretty old ClickHouse release from docs * couple lost symlinks in fa * Close quote in proper place * Rewrite en/getting_started/index.md * Sync en<>ru getting_started/index.md * minor changes * Some gui.md refactoring * Translate DataGrip section to ru * Translate DataGrip section to zh * Translate DataGrip section to fa * Translate DBeaver section to fa * Translate DBeaver section to zh * Split third-party GUI to open-source and commercial * Mention some RDBMS integrations + ad-hoc translation fixes * Add rel="external nofollow" to outgoing links from docs * Lost blank lines * Fix class name * More rel="external nofollow" * Apply suggestions by @sundy-li * Mobile version of front page improvements * test * test 2 * test 3 * Update LICENSE * minor docs fix * Highlight current article as suggested by @sundy-li * fix link destination * Introduce backup.md (only "en" for now) * Mention INSERT+SELECT in backup.md * Some improvements for replication.md * Add backup.md to toc * Mention clickhouse-backup tool * Mention LightHouse in third-party GUI list * Introduce interfaces/third-party/proxy.md * Add clickhouse-bulk to proxy.md * Major extension of integrations.md contents * fix link target * remove unneeded file * better toc item name * fix markdown * better ru punctuation * Add yet another possible backup approach * Simplify copying permalinks to headers * Support non-eng link anchors in docs + update some deps * Generate anchors for single-page mode automatically * Remove anchors to top of pages * Remove anchors that nobody links to * build fixes * fix few links * restore css * fix some links * restore gifs * fix lost words * more docs fixes * docs fixes * NULL anchor * update urllib3 dependency * more fixes
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INSERT
INSERT查询主要用于向系统中添加数据.
查询的基本格式:
INSERT INTO [db.]table [(c1, c2, c3)] VALUES (v11, v12, v13), (v21, v22, v23), ...
您可以在查询中指定插入的列的列表,如:[(c1, c2, c3)]
。对于存在于表结构中但不存在于插入列表中的列,它们将会按照如下方式填充数据:
- 如果存在
DEFAULT
表达式,根据DEFAULT
表达式计算被填充的值。 - 如果没有定义
DEFAULT
表达式,则填充零或空字符串。
如果strict_insert_defaults=1,你必须在查询中列出所有没有定义DEFAULT
表达式的列。
数据可以以ClickHouse支持的任何输入输出格式传递给INSERT。格式的名称必须显示的指定在查询中:
INSERT INTO [db.]table [(c1, c2, c3)] FORMAT format_name data_set
例如,下面的查询所使用的输入格式就与上面INSERT ... VALUES的中使用的输入格式相同:
INSERT INTO [db.]table [(c1, c2, c3)] FORMAT Values (v11, v12, v13), (v21, v22, v23), ...
ClickHouse会清除数据前所有的空白字符与一行摘要信息(如果需要的话)。所以在进行查询时,我们建议您将数据放入到输入输出格式名称后的新的一行中去(如果数据是以空白字符开始的,这将非常重要)。
示例:
INSERT INTO t FORMAT TabSeparated
11 Hello, world!
22 Qwerty
在使用命令行客户端或HTTP客户端时,你可以将具体的查询语句与数据分开发送。更多具体信息,请参考“客户端”部分。
使用SELECT
的结果写入
INSERT INTO [db.]table [(c1, c2, c3)] SELECT ...
写入与SELECT的列的对应关系是使用位置来进行对应的,尽管它们在SELECT表达式与INSERT中的名称可能是不同的。如果需要,会对它们执行对应的类型转换。
除了VALUES格式之外,其他格式中的数据都不允许出现诸如now()
,1 + 2
等表达式。VALUES格式允许您有限度的使用这些表达式,但是不建议您这么做,因为执行这些表达式总是低效的。
系统不支持的其他用于修改数据的查询:UPDATE
, DELETE
, REPLACE
, MERGE
, UPSERT
, INSERT UPDATE
。
但是,您可以使用 ALTER TABLE ... DROP PARTITION
查询来删除一些旧的数据。
性能的注意事项
在进行INSERT
时将会对写入的数据进行一些处理,按照主键排序,按照月份对数据进行分区等。所以如果在您的写入数据中包含多个月份的混合数据时,将会显著的降低INSERT
的性能。为了避免这种情况:
- 数据总是以尽量大的batch进行写入,如每次写入100,000行。
- 数据在写入ClickHouse前预先的对数据进行分组。
在以下的情况下,性能不会下降:
- 数据总是被实时的写入。
- 写入的数据已经按照时间排序。