ClickHouse/docs/en/operations/settings/constraints-on-settings.md

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/en/operations/settings/constraints-on-settings	62	Constraints on Settings

Constraints on Settings

The constraints on settings can be defined in the profiles section of the user.xml configuration file and prohibit users from changing some of the settings with the SET query. The constraints are defined as the following:

<profiles>
  <user_name>
    <constraints>
      <setting_name_1>
        <min>lower_boundary</min>
      </setting_name_1>
      <setting_name_2>
        <max>upper_boundary</max>
      </setting_name_2>
      <setting_name_3>
        <min>lower_boundary</min>
        <max>upper_boundary</max>
      </setting_name_3>
      <setting_name_4>
        <readonly/>
      </setting_name_4>
      <setting_name_5>
        <min>lower_boundary</min>
        <max>upper_boundary</max>
        <changeable_in_readonly/>
      </setting_name_5>
    </constraints>
  </user_name>
</profiles>

If the user tries to violate the constraints an exception is thrown and the setting isn’t changed. There are supported few types of constraints: min, max, readonly (with alias const) and changeable_in_readonly. The min and max constraints specify upper and lower boundaries for a numeric setting and can be used in combination. The readonly or const constraint specifies that the user cannot change the corresponding setting at all. The changeable_in_readonly constraint type allows user to change the setting within min/max range even if readonly setting is set to 1, otherwise settings are not allow to be changed in readonly=1 mode. Note that changeable_in_readonly is supported only if settings_constraints_replace_previous is enabled:

<access_control_improvements>
  <settings_constraints_replace_previous>true<settings_constraints_replace_previous>
</access_control_improvements>

If there are multiple profiles active for a user, then constraints are merged. Merge process depends on settings_constraints_replace_previous:

• true (recommended): constraints for the same setting are replaced during merge, such that the last constraint is used and all previous are ignored including fields that are not set in new constraint.
• false (default): constraints for the same setting are merged in a way that every not set type of constraint is taken from previous profile and every set type of constraint is replaced by value from new profile.

Read-only mode is enabled by readonly setting (not to confuse with readonly constraint type):

• readonly=0: No read-only restrictions.
• readonly=1: Only read queries are allowed and settings cannot be changes unless changeable_in_readonly is set.
• readonly=2: Only read queries are allowed, but settings can be changed, except for readonly setting itself.

Example: Let users.xml includes lines:

<profiles>
  <default>
    <max_memory_usage>10000000000</max_memory_usage>
    <force_index_by_date>0</force_index_by_date>
    ...
    <constraints>
      <max_memory_usage>
        <min>5000000000</min>
        <max>20000000000</max>
      </max_memory_usage>
      <force_index_by_date>
        <readonly/>
      </force_index_by_date>
    </constraints>
  </default>
</profiles>

The following queries all throw exceptions:

SET max_memory_usage=20000000001;
SET max_memory_usage=4999999999;
SET force_index_by_date=1;

Code: 452, e.displayText() = DB::Exception: Setting max_memory_usage should not be greater than 20000000000.
Code: 452, e.displayText() = DB::Exception: Setting max_memory_usage should not be less than 5000000000.
Code: 452, e.displayText() = DB::Exception: Setting force_index_by_date should not be changed.

Note: the default profile has special handling: all the constraints defined for the default profile become the default constraints, so they restrict all the users until they’re overridden explicitly for these users.

Original article