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170 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
170 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
---
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toc_priority: 45
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toc_title: s3
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---
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# s3 {#s3}
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Provides table-like interface to select/insert files in S3. This table function is similar to [hdfs](../../sql-reference/table-functions/hdfs.md).
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``` sql
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s3(path, [aws_access_key_id, aws_secret_access_key,] format, structure, [compression])
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```
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**Input parameters**
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- `path` — Bucket url with path to file. Supports following wildcards in readonly mode: *, ?, {abc,def} and {N..M} where N, M — numbers, `’abc’, ‘def’ — strings.
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- `format` — The [format](../../interfaces/formats.md#formats) of the file.
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- `structure` — Structure of the table. Format `'column1_name column1_type, column2_name column2_type, ...'`.
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- `compression` — Parameter is optional. Supported values: none, gzip/gz, brotli/br, xz/LZMA, zstd/zst. By default, it will autodetect compression by file extension.
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**Returned value**
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A table with the specified structure for reading or writing data in the specified file.
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**Example**
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Table from S3 file `https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/data.csv` and selection of the first two rows from it:
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``` sql
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SELECT *
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FROM s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/data.csv', 'CSV', 'column1 UInt32, column2 UInt32, column3 UInt32')
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LIMIT 2
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```
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``` text
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┌─column1─┬─column2─┬─column3─┐
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│ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │
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│ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │
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└─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
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```
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The similar but from file with `gzip` compression:
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``` sql
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SELECT *
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FROM s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/data.csv.gz', 'CSV', 'column1 UInt32, column2 UInt32, column3 UInt32', 'gzip')
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LIMIT 2
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```
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``` text
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┌─column1─┬─column2─┬─column3─┐
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│ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │
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│ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │
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└─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
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```
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**Globs in path**
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Multiple path components can have globs. For being processed file should exists and matches to the whole path pattern (not only suffix or prefix).
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- `*` — Substitutes any number of any characters except `/` including empty string.
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- `?` — Substitutes any single character.
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- `{some_string,another_string,yet_another_one}` — Substitutes any of strings `'some_string', 'another_string', 'yet_another_one'`.
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- `{N..M}` — Substitutes any number in range from N to M including both borders. N and M can have leading zeroes e.g. `000..078`.
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Constructions with `{}` are similar to the [remote table function](../../sql-reference/table-functions/remote.md)).
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**Example**
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1. Suppose that we have several files with following URIs on S3:
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- ‘https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/some_prefix/some_file_1.csv’
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- ‘https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/some_prefix/some_file_2.csv’
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- ‘https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/some_prefix/some_file_3.csv’
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- ‘https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/some_prefix/some_file_4.csv’
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- ‘https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/another_prefix/some_file_1.csv’
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- ‘https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/another_prefix/some_file_2.csv’
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- ‘https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/another_prefix/some_file_3.csv’
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- ‘https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/another_prefix/some_file_4.csv’
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2. Query the amount of rows in files end with number from 1 to 3:
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<!-- -->
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``` sql
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SELECT count(*)
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FROM s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/{some,another}_prefix/some_file_{1..3}.csv', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
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```
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``` text
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┌─count()─┐
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│ 18 │
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└─────────┘
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```
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3. Query the amount of rows in all files of these two directories:
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<!-- -->
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``` sql
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SELECT count(*)
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FROM s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/{some,another}_prefix/*', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
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```
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``` text
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┌─count()─┐
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│ 24 │
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└─────────┘
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```
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!!! warning "Warning"
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If your listing of files contains number ranges with leading zeros, use the construction with braces for each digit separately or use `?`.
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**Example**
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Query the data from files named `file-000.csv`, `file-001.csv`, … , `file-999.csv`:
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``` sql
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SELECT count(*)
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FROM s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/big_prefix/file-{000..999}.csv', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
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```
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``` text
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┌─count()─┐
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│ 12 │
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└─────────┘
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```
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**Data insert**
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The S3 table function may be used for data insert as well.
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**Example**
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Insert a data into file `test-data.csv.gz`:
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``` sql
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INSERT INTO s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/test-data.csv.gz', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32', 'gzip')
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VALUES ('test-data', 1), ('test-data-2', 2)
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```
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Insert a data into file `test-data.csv.gz` from existing table:
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``` sql
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INSERT INTO s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/test-data.csv.gz', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32', 'gzip')
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SELECT name, value FROM existing_table
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```
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## Virtual Columns {#virtual-columns}
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- `_path` — Path to the file.
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- `_file` — Name of the file.
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## S3-related settings {#settings}
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The following settings can be set before query execution or placed into configuration file.
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- `s3_max_single_part_upload_size` — Default value is `64Mb`. The maximum size of object to upload using singlepart upload to S3.
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- `s3_min_upload_part_size` — Default value is `512Mb`. The minimum size of part to upload during multipart upload to [S3 Multipart upload](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/uploadobjusingmpu.html).
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- `s3_max_redirects` — Default value is `10`. Max number of S3 redirects hops allowed.
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Security consideration: if malicious user can specify arbitrary S3 URLs, `s3_max_redirects` must be set to zero to avoid [SSRF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server-side_request_forgery) attacks; or alternatively, `remote_host_filter` must be specified in server configuration.
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**See Also**
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- [Virtual columns](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/operations/table_engines/#table_engines-virtual_columns)
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[Original article](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/query_language/table_functions/s3/) <!--hide-->
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