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62 lines
2.1 KiB
Markdown
62 lines
2.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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machine_translated: true
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machine_translated_rev: 72537a2d527c63c07aa5d2361a8829f3895cf2bd
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toc_priority: 58
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toc_title: "\u67E5\u8BE2\u6743\u9650"
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---
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# 查询权限 {#permissions_for_queries}
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ClickHouse中的查询可以分为几种类型:
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1. 读取数据查询: `SELECT`, `SHOW`, `DESCRIBE`, `EXISTS`.
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2. 写入数据查询: `INSERT`, `OPTIMIZE`.
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3. 更改设置查询: `SET`, `USE`.
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4. [DDL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_definition_language) 查询: `CREATE`, `ALTER`, `RENAME`, `ATTACH`, `DETACH`, `DROP` `TRUNCATE`.
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5. `KILL QUERY`.
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以下设置按查询类型规范用户权限:
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- [只读](#settings_readonly) — Restricts permissions for all types of queries except DDL queries.
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- [allow_ddl](#settings_allow_ddl) — Restricts permissions for DDL queries.
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`KILL QUERY` 可以与任何设置进行。
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## 只读 {#settings_readonly}
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限制读取数据、写入数据和更改设置查询的权限。
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查看查询如何划分为多种类型 [以上](#permissions_for_queries).
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可能的值:
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- 0 — All queries are allowed.
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- 1 — Only read data queries are allowed.
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- 2 — Read data and change settings queries are allowed.
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设置后 `readonly = 1`，用户无法更改 `readonly` 和 `allow_ddl` 当前会话中的设置。
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使用时 `GET` 方法中的 [HTTP接口](../../interfaces/http.md), `readonly = 1` 自动设置。 要修改数据，请使用 `POST` 方法。
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设置 `readonly = 1` 禁止用户更改所有设置。 有一种方法可以禁止用户
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从只更改特定设置，有关详细信息，请参阅 [对设置的限制](constraints-on-settings.md).
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默认值：0
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## allow_ddl {#settings_allow_ddl}
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允许或拒绝 [DDL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_definition_language) 查询。
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查看查询如何划分为多种类型 [以上](#permissions_for_queries).
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可能的值:
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- 0 — DDL queries are not allowed.
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- 1 — DDL queries are allowed.
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你不能执行 `SET allow_ddl = 1` 如果 `allow_ddl = 0` 对于当前会话。
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默认值：1
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[原始文章](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/operations/settings/permissions_for_queries/) <!--hide-->
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