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161 lines
7.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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slug: /en/sql-reference/table-functions/remote
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sidebar_position: 175
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sidebar_label: remote
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---
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# remote, remoteSecure
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Allows accessing remote servers, including migration of data, without creating a [Distributed](../../engines/table-engines/special/distributed.md) table. `remoteSecure` - same as `remote` but with a secured connection.
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Both functions can be used in `SELECT` and `INSERT` queries.
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## Syntax
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``` sql
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remote('addresses_expr', [db, table, 'user'[, 'password'], sharding_key])
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remote('addresses_expr', [db.table, 'user'[, 'password'], sharding_key])
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remoteSecure('addresses_expr', [db, table, 'user'[, 'password'], sharding_key])
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remoteSecure('addresses_expr', [db.table, 'user'[, 'password'], sharding_key])
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```
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## Parameters
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- `addresses_expr` — An expression that generates addresses of remote servers. This may be just one server address. The server address is `host:port`, or just `host`.
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The host can be specified as the server name, or as the IPv4 or IPv6 address. An IPv6 address is specified in square brackets.
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The port is the TCP port on the remote server. If the port is omitted, it uses [tcp_port](../../operations/server-configuration-parameters/settings.md#server_configuration_parameters-tcp_port) from the server’s config file in `remote` (by default, 9000) and [tcp_port_secure](../../operations/server-configuration-parameters/settings.md#server_configuration_parameters-tcp_port_secure) in `remoteSecure` (by default, 9440).
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The port is required for an IPv6 address.
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If only specify this parameter, `db` and `table` will use `system.one` by default.
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Type: [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md).
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- `db` — Database name. Type: [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md).
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- `table` — Table name. Type: [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md).
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- `user` — User name. If the user is not specified, `default` is used. Type: [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md).
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- `password` — User password. If the password is not specified, an empty password is used. Type: [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md).
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- `sharding_key` — Sharding key to support distributing data across nodes. For example: `insert into remote('127.0.0.1:9000,127.0.0.2', db, table, 'default', rand())`. Type: [UInt32](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md).
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## Returned value
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The dataset from remote servers.
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## Usage
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Unless you are migrating data from one system to another, using the `remote` table function is less optimal than creating a `Distributed` table because in this case the server connection is re-established for every request. Also, if hostnames are set, the names are resolved, and errors are not counted when working with various replicas. When processing a large number of queries, always create the `Distributed` table ahead of time, and do not use the `remote` table function.
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The `remote` table function can be useful in the following cases:
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- Migrating data from one system to another
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- Accessing a specific server for data comparison, debugging, and testing.
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- Queries between various ClickHouse clusters for research purposes.
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- Infrequent distributed requests that are made manually.
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- Distributed requests where the set of servers is re-defined each time.
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### Addresses
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``` text
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example01-01-1
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example01-01-1:9440
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example01-01-1:9000
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localhost
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127.0.0.1
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[::]:9440
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[::]:9000
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[2a02:6b8:0:1111::11]:9000
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```
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Multiple addresses can be comma-separated. In this case, ClickHouse will use distributed processing, so it will send the query to all specified addresses (like shards with different data). Example:
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``` text
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example01-01-1,example01-02-1
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```
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## Examples
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### Selecting data from a remote server:
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``` sql
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SELECT * FROM remote('127.0.0.1', db.remote_engine_table) LIMIT 3;
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```
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### Inserting data from a remote server into a table:
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``` sql
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CREATE TABLE remote_table (name String, value UInt32) ENGINE=Memory;
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INSERT INTO FUNCTION remote('127.0.0.1', currentDatabase(), 'remote_table') VALUES ('test', 42);
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SELECT * FROM remote_table;
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```
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### Migration of tables from one system to another:
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This example uses one table from a sample dataset. The database is `imdb`, and the table is `actors`.
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#### On the source ClickHouse system (the system that currently hosts the data)
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- Verify the source database and table name (`imdb.actors`)
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```sql
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show databases
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```
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```sql
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show tables in imdb
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```
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- Get the CREATE TABLE statement from the source:
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```
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select create_table_query
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from system.tables
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where database = 'imdb' and table = 'actors'
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```
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Response
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE imdb.actors (`id` UInt32,
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`first_name` String,
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`last_name` String,
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`gender` FixedString(1))
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ENGINE = MergeTree
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ORDER BY (id, first_name, last_name, gender);
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```
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#### On the destination ClickHouse system:
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- Create the destination database:
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```sql
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CREATE DATABASE imdb
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```
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- Using the CREATE TABLE statement from the source, create the destination:
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE imdb.actors (`id` UInt32,
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`first_name` String,
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`last_name` String,
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`gender` FixedString(1))
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ENGINE = MergeTree
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ORDER BY (id, first_name, last_name, gender);
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```
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#### Back on the source deployment:
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Insert into the new database and table created on the remote system. You will need the host, port, username, password, destination database, and destination table.
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```sql
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INSERT INTO FUNCTION
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remoteSecure('remote.clickhouse.cloud:9440', 'imdb.actors', 'USER', 'PASSWORD')
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SELECT * from imdb.actors
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```
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## Globs in Addresses {#globs-in-addresses}
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Patterns in curly brackets `{ }` are used to generate a set of shards and to specify replicas. If there are multiple pairs of curly brackets, then the direct product of the corresponding sets is generated.
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The following pattern types are supported.
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- {*a*,*b*} - Any number of variants separated by a comma. The pattern is replaced with *a* in the first shard address and it is replaced with *b* in the second shard address and so on. For instance, `example0{1,2}-1` generates addresses `example01-1` and `example02-1`.
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- {*n*..*m*} - A range of numbers. This pattern generates shard addresses with incrementing indices from *n* to *m*. `example0{1..2}-1` generates `example01-1` and `example02-1`.
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- {*0n*..*0m*} - A range of numbers with leading zeroes. This modification preserves leading zeroes in indices. The pattern `example{01..03}-1` generates `example01-1`, `example02-1` and `example03-1`.
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- {*a*|*b*} - Any number of variants separated by a `|`. The pattern specifies replicas. For instance, `example01-{1|2}` generates replicas `example01-1` and `example01-2`.
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The query will be sent to the first healthy replica. However, for `remote` the replicas are iterated in the order currently set in the [load_balancing](../../operations/settings/settings.md#settings-load_balancing) setting.
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The number of generated addresses is limited by [table_function_remote_max_addresses](../../operations/settings/settings.md#table_function_remote_max_addresses) setting.
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