ClickHouse/docs/ja/sql-reference/table-functions/file.md
Ivan Blinkov cd14f9ebcb
SQL reference refactoring (#10857)
* split up select.md

* array-join.md basic refactoring

* distinct.md basic refactoring

* format.md basic refactoring

* from.md basic refactoring

* group-by.md basic refactoring

* having.md basic refactoring

* additional index.md refactoring

* into-outfile.md basic refactoring

* join.md basic refactoring

* limit.md basic refactoring

* limit-by.md basic refactoring

* order-by.md basic refactoring

* prewhere.md basic refactoring

* adjust operators/index.md links

* adjust sample.md links

* adjust more links

* adjust operatots links

* fix some links

* adjust aggregate function article titles

* basic refactor of remaining select clauses

* absolute paths in make_links.sh

* run make_links.sh

* remove old select.md locations

* translate docs/es

* translate docs/fr

* translate docs/fa

* remove old operators.md location

* change operators.md links

* adjust links in docs/es

* adjust links in docs/es

* minor texts adjustments

* wip

* update machine translations to use new links

* fix changelog

* es build fixes

* get rid of some select.md links

* temporary adjust ru links

* temporary adjust more ru links

* improve curly brace handling

* adjust ru as well

* fa build fix

* ru link fixes

* zh link fixes

* temporary disable part of anchor checks
2020-05-15 07:34:54 +03:00

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# ファイル {#file}
ファイルからテーブルを作成します。 この表関数は次のようになります [url](url.md) と [hdfs](hdfs.md) ワンズ
``` sql
file(path, format, structure)
```
**入力パラメータ**
- `path` — The relative path to the file from [user\_files\_path](../../operations/server-configuration-parameters/settings.md#server_configuration_parameters-user_files_path). パスファイルをサポートglobに読み取り専用モード: `*`, `?`, `{abc,def}` と `{N..M}` どこに `N`, `M` — numbers, \``'abc', 'def'` — strings.
- `format` — The [形式](../../interfaces/formats.md#formats) ファイルの。
- `structure` — Structure of the table. Format `'column1_name column1_type, column2_name column2_type, ...'`.
**戻り値**
テーブルの指定された構造を読み取りまたは書き込みデータを、指定されたファイルです。
**例**
設定 `user_files_path` そして、ファイルの内容 `test.csv`:
``` bash
$ grep user_files_path /etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml
<user_files_path>/var/lib/clickhouse/user_files/</user_files_path>
$ cat /var/lib/clickhouse/user_files/test.csv
1,2,3
3,2,1
78,43,45
```
テーブルから`test.csv` そして、それから最初の二つの行の選択:
``` sql
SELECT *
FROM file('test.csv', 'CSV', 'column1 UInt32, column2 UInt32, column3 UInt32')
LIMIT 2
```
``` text
┌─column1─┬─column2─┬─column3─┐
│ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │
│ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │
└─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
```
``` sql
-- getting the first 10 lines of a table that contains 3 columns of UInt32 type from a CSV file
SELECT * FROM file('test.csv', 'CSV', 'column1 UInt32, column2 UInt32, column3 UInt32') LIMIT 10
```
**パス内のグロブ**
複数のパスコンポーネ のための処理中のファイルが存在するマッチのパスのパターンのみならず接尾辞または接頭).
- `*` — Substitutes any number of any characters except `/` 空の文字列を含む。
- `?` — Substitutes any single character.
- `{some_string,another_string,yet_another_one}` — Substitutes any of strings `'some_string', 'another_string', 'yet_another_one'`.
- `{N..M}` — Substitutes any number in range from N to M including both borders.
構造との `{}` に類似しています [遠隔テーブル機能](../../sql-reference/table-functions/remote.md)).
**例**
1. 次の相対パスを持つ複数のファイルがあるとします:
- some\_dir/some\_file\_1
- some\_dir/some\_file\_2
- some\_dir/some\_file\_3
- another\_dir/some\_file\_1
- another\_dir/some\_file\_2
- another\_dir/some\_file\_3
1. これらのファイル内の行の量を照会します:
<!-- -->
``` sql
SELECT count(*)
FROM file('{some,another}_dir/some_file_{1..3}', 'TSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
```
1. クエリの量の行のすべてのファイルのディレクトリ:
<!-- -->
``` sql
SELECT count(*)
FROM file('{some,another}_dir/*', 'TSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
```
!!! warning "警告"
ファイ `?`.
**例**
クエリからのデータファイル名 `file000`, `file001`, … , `file999`:
``` sql
SELECT count(*)
FROM file('big_dir/file{0..9}{0..9}{0..9}', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
```
## 仮想列 {#virtual-columns}
- `_path` — Path to the file.
- `_file` — Name of the file.
**も参照。**
- [仮想列](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/operations/table_engines/#table_engines-virtual_columns)
[元の記事](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/query_language/table_functions/file/) <!--hide-->