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539 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
539 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
---
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slug: /en/sql-reference/functions/bitmap-functions
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sidebar_position: 49
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sidebar_label: Bitmap
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---
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# Bitmap Functions
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Bitmap functions work for two bitmaps Object value calculation, it is to return new bitmap or cardinality while using formula calculation, such as and, or, xor, and not, etc.
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There are 2 kinds of construction methods for Bitmap Object. One is to be constructed by aggregation function groupBitmap with -State, the other is to be constructed by Array Object. It is also to convert Bitmap Object to Array Object.
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RoaringBitmap is wrapped into a data structure while actual storage of Bitmap objects. When the cardinality is less than or equal to 32, it uses Set objet. When the cardinality is greater than 32, it uses RoaringBitmap object. That is why storage of low cardinality set is faster.
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For more information on RoaringBitmap, see: [CRoaring](https://github.com/RoaringBitmap/CRoaring).
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## bitmapBuild
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Build a bitmap from unsigned integer array.
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``` sql
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bitmapBuild(array)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `array` – Unsigned integer array.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapBuild([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) AS res, toTypeName(res);
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─┬─toTypeName(bitmapBuild([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))─────┐
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│ │ AggregateFunction(groupBitmap, UInt8) │
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└─────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## bitmapToArray
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Convert bitmap to integer array.
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``` sql
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bitmapToArray(bitmap)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapToArray(bitmapBuild([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─────────┐
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│ [1,2,3,4,5] │
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└─────────────┘
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```
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## bitmapSubsetInRange
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Return subset in specified range (not include the range_end).
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``` sql
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bitmapSubsetInRange(bitmap, range_start, range_end)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – [Bitmap object](#bitmap_functions-bitmapbuild).
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- `range_start` – Range start point. Type: [UInt32](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md).
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- `range_end` – Range end point (excluded). Type: [UInt32](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md).
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapToArray(bitmapSubsetInRange(bitmapBuild([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,100,200,500]), toUInt32(30), toUInt32(200))) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res───────────────┐
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│ [30,31,32,33,100] │
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└───────────────────┘
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```
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## bitmapSubsetLimit
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Creates a subset of bitmap with n elements taken between `range_start` and `cardinality_limit`.
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**Syntax**
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``` sql
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bitmapSubsetLimit(bitmap, range_start, cardinality_limit)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – [Bitmap object](#bitmap_functions-bitmapbuild).
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- `range_start` – The subset starting point. Type: [UInt32](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md).
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- `cardinality_limit` – The subset cardinality upper limit. Type: [UInt32](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md).
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**Returned value**
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The subset.
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Type: [Bitmap object](#bitmap_functions-bitmapbuild).
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**Example**
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Query:
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapToArray(bitmapSubsetLimit(bitmapBuild([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,100,200,500]), toUInt32(30), toUInt32(200))) AS res;
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```
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Result:
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``` text
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┌─res───────────────────────┐
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│ [30,31,32,33,100,200,500] │
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└───────────────────────────┘
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```
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## subBitmap
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Returns the bitmap elements, starting from the `offset` position. The number of returned elements is limited by the `cardinality_limit` parameter. Analog of the [substring](string-functions.md#substring)) string function, but for bitmap.
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**Syntax**
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``` sql
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subBitmap(bitmap, offset, cardinality_limit)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – The bitmap. Type: [Bitmap object](#bitmap_functions-bitmapbuild).
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- `offset` – The position of the first element of the subset. Type: [UInt32](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md).
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- `cardinality_limit` – The maximum number of elements in the subset. Type: [UInt32](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md).
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**Returned value**
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The subset.
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Type: [Bitmap object](#bitmap_functions-bitmapbuild).
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**Example**
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Query:
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapToArray(subBitmap(bitmapBuild([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,100,200,500]), toUInt32(10), toUInt32(10))) AS res;
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```
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Result:
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``` text
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┌─res─────────────────────────────┐
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│ [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19] │
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└─────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## bitmapContains
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Checks whether the bitmap contains an element.
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``` sql
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bitmapContains(haystack, needle)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `haystack` – [Bitmap object](#bitmap_functions-bitmapbuild), where the function searches.
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- `needle` – Value that the function searches. Type: [UInt32](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md).
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**Returned values**
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- 0 — If `haystack` does not contain `needle`.
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- 1 — If `haystack` contains `needle`.
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Type: `UInt8`.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapContains(bitmapBuild([1,5,7,9]), toUInt32(9)) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─┐
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│ 1 │
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└─────┘
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```
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## bitmapHasAny
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Checks whether two bitmaps have intersection by some elements.
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``` sql
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bitmapHasAny(bitmap1, bitmap2)
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```
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If you are sure that `bitmap2` contains strictly one element, consider using the [bitmapContains](#bitmap_functions-bitmapcontains) function. It works more efficiently.
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap*` – Bitmap object.
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**Return values**
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- `1`, if `bitmap1` and `bitmap2` have one similar element at least.
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- `0`, otherwise.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapHasAny(bitmapBuild([1,2,3]),bitmapBuild([3,4,5])) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─┐
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│ 1 │
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└─────┘
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```
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## bitmapHasAll
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Analogous to `hasAll(array, array)` returns 1 if the first bitmap contains all the elements of the second one, 0 otherwise.
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If the second argument is an empty bitmap then returns 1.
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``` sql
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bitmapHasAll(bitmap,bitmap)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapHasAll(bitmapBuild([1,2,3]),bitmapBuild([3,4,5])) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─┐
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│ 0 │
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└─────┘
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```
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## bitmapCardinality
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Retrun bitmap cardinality of type UInt64.
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``` sql
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bitmapCardinality(bitmap)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapCardinality(bitmapBuild([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─┐
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│ 5 │
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└─────┘
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```
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## bitmapMin
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Retrun the smallest value of type UInt64 in the set, UINT32_MAX if the set is empty.
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bitmapMin(bitmap)
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapMin(bitmapBuild([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─┐
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│ 1 │
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└─────┘
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```
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## bitmapMax
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Retrun the greatest value of type UInt64 in the set, 0 if the set is empty.
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bitmapMax(bitmap)
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapMax(bitmapBuild([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─┐
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│ 5 │
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└─────┘
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```
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## bitmapTransform
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Transform an array of values in a bitmap to another array of values, the result is a new bitmap.
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bitmapTransform(bitmap, from_array, to_array)
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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- `from_array` – UInt32 array. For idx in range \[0, from_array.size()), if bitmap contains from_array\[idx\], then replace it with to_array\[idx\]. Note that the result depends on array ordering if there are common elements between from_array and to_array.
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- `to_array` – UInt32 array, its size shall be the same to from_array.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapToArray(bitmapTransform(bitmapBuild([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]), cast([5,999,2] as Array(UInt32)), cast([2,888,20] as Array(UInt32)))) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res───────────────────┐
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│ [1,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,20] │
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└───────────────────────┘
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```
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## bitmapAnd
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Two bitmap and calculation, the result is a new bitmap.
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``` sql
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bitmapAnd(bitmap,bitmap)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapToArray(bitmapAnd(bitmapBuild([1,2,3]),bitmapBuild([3,4,5]))) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─┐
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│ [3] │
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└─────┘
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```
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## bitmapOr
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Two bitmap or calculation, the result is a new bitmap.
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``` sql
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bitmapOr(bitmap,bitmap)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapToArray(bitmapOr(bitmapBuild([1,2,3]),bitmapBuild([3,4,5]))) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─────────┐
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│ [1,2,3,4,5] │
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└─────────────┘
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```
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## bitmapXor
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Two bitmap xor calculation, the result is a new bitmap.
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``` sql
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bitmapXor(bitmap,bitmap)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapToArray(bitmapXor(bitmapBuild([1,2,3]),bitmapBuild([3,4,5]))) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res───────┐
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│ [1,2,4,5] │
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└───────────┘
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```
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## bitmapAndnot
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Two bitmap andnot calculation, the result is a new bitmap.
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``` sql
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bitmapAndnot(bitmap,bitmap)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapToArray(bitmapAndnot(bitmapBuild([1,2,3]),bitmapBuild([3,4,5]))) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res───┐
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│ [1,2] │
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└───────┘
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```
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## bitmapAndCardinality
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Two bitmap and calculation, return cardinality of type UInt64.
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``` sql
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bitmapAndCardinality(bitmap,bitmap)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapAndCardinality(bitmapBuild([1,2,3]),bitmapBuild([3,4,5])) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─┐
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│ 1 │
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└─────┘
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```
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## bitmapOrCardinality
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Two bitmap or calculation, return cardinality of type UInt64.
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``` sql
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bitmapOrCardinality(bitmap,bitmap)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapOrCardinality(bitmapBuild([1,2,3]),bitmapBuild([3,4,5])) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─┐
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│ 5 │
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└─────┘
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```
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## bitmapXorCardinality
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Two bitmap xor calculation, return cardinality of type UInt64.
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``` sql
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bitmapXorCardinality(bitmap,bitmap)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapXorCardinality(bitmapBuild([1,2,3]),bitmapBuild([3,4,5])) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─┐
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│ 4 │
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└─────┘
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```
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## bitmapAndnotCardinality
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Two bitmap andnot calculation, return cardinality of type UInt64.
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``` sql
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bitmapAndnotCardinality(bitmap,bitmap)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `bitmap` – Bitmap object.
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**Example**
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``` sql
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SELECT bitmapAndnotCardinality(bitmapBuild([1,2,3]),bitmapBuild([3,4,5])) AS res;
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```
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``` text
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┌─res─┐
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│ 2 │
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└─────┘
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```
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