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* split up select.md * array-join.md basic refactoring * distinct.md basic refactoring * format.md basic refactoring * from.md basic refactoring * group-by.md basic refactoring * having.md basic refactoring * additional index.md refactoring * into-outfile.md basic refactoring * join.md basic refactoring * limit.md basic refactoring * limit-by.md basic refactoring * order-by.md basic refactoring * prewhere.md basic refactoring * adjust operators/index.md links * adjust sample.md links * adjust more links * adjust operatots links * fix some links * adjust aggregate function article titles * basic refactor of remaining select clauses * absolute paths in make_links.sh * run make_links.sh * remove old select.md locations * translate docs/es * translate docs/fr * translate docs/fa * remove old operators.md location * change operators.md links * adjust links in docs/es * adjust links in docs/es * minor texts adjustments * wip * update machine translations to use new links * fix changelog * es build fixes * get rid of some select.md links * temporary adjust ru links * temporary adjust more ru links * improve curly brace handling * adjust ru as well * fa build fix * ru link fixes * zh link fixes * temporary disable part of anchor checks
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3.6 KiB
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37 | 文件 |
文件
从文件创建表。 此表函数类似于 url 和 hdfs 一些的。
file(path, format, structure)
输入参数
path
— The relative path to the file from user_files_path. 只读模式下的globs后的文件支持路径:*
,?
,{abc,def}
和{N..M}
哪里N
,M
— numbers, `'abc', 'def'
— strings.format
— The 格式 的文件。structure
— Structure of the table. Format'column1_name column1_type, column2_name column2_type, ...'
.
返回值
具有指定结构的表,用于读取或写入指定文件中的数据。
示例
设置 user_files_path
和文件的内容 test.csv
:
$ grep user_files_path /etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml
<user_files_path>/var/lib/clickhouse/user_files/</user_files_path>
$ cat /var/lib/clickhouse/user_files/test.csv
1,2,3
3,2,1
78,43,45
表从test.csv
并从中选择前两行:
SELECT *
FROM file('test.csv', 'CSV', 'column1 UInt32, column2 UInt32, column3 UInt32')
LIMIT 2
┌─column1─┬─column2─┬─column3─┐
│ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │
│ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │
└─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
-- getting the first 10 lines of a table that contains 3 columns of UInt32 type from a CSV file
SELECT * FROM file('test.csv', 'CSV', 'column1 UInt32, column2 UInt32, column3 UInt32') LIMIT 10
路径中的水珠
多个路径组件可以具有globs。 对于正在处理的文件应该存在并匹配到整个路径模式(不仅后缀或前缀)。
*
— Substitutes any number of any characters except/
包括空字符串。?
— Substitutes any single character.{some_string,another_string,yet_another_one}
— Substitutes any of strings'some_string', 'another_string', 'yet_another_one'
.{N..M}
— Substitutes any number in range from N to M including both borders.
建筑与 {}
类似于 远程表功能).
示例
- 假设我们有几个具有以下相对路径的文件:
- ‘some_dir/some_file_1’
- ‘some_dir/some_file_2’
- ‘some_dir/some_file_3’
- ‘another_dir/some_file_1’
- ‘another_dir/some_file_2’
- ‘another_dir/some_file_3’
- 查询这些文件中的行数:
SELECT count(*)
FROM file('{some,another}_dir/some_file_{1..3}', 'TSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
- 查询这两个目录的所有文件中的行数:
SELECT count(*)
FROM file('{some,another}_dir/*', 'TSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
!!! warning "警告"
如果您的文件列表包含带前导零的数字范围,请单独使用带大括号的构造或使用 ?
.
示例
从名为 file000
, file001
, … , file999
:
SELECT count(*)
FROM file('big_dir/file{0..9}{0..9}{0..9}', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
虚拟列
_path
— Path to the file._file
— Name of the file.
另请参阅