ClickHouse/docs/tr/sql-reference/dictionaries/external-dictionaries/external-dicts-dict-sources.md
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---
machine_translated: true
machine_translated_rev: 72537a2d527c63c07aa5d2361a8829f3895cf2bd
toc_priority: 43
toc_title: "D\u0131\u015F S\xF6zl\xFCklerin kaynaklar\u0131"
---
# Dış Sözlüklerin kaynakları {#dicts-external-dicts-dict-sources}
Harici bir sözlük birçok farklı kaynaktan bağlanabilir.
Sözlük xml dosyası kullanılarak yapılandırılmışsa, yapılandırma şöyle görünür:
``` xml
<yandex>
<dictionary>
...
<source>
<source_type>
<!-- Source configuration -->
</source_type>
</source>
...
</dictionary>
...
</yandex>
```
Durumunda [DDL-sorgu](../../statements/create.md#create-dictionary-query), eşit yapılandırma gibi görünüyor olacak:
``` sql
CREATE DICTIONARY dict_name (...)
...
SOURCE(SOURCE_TYPE(param1 val1 ... paramN valN)) -- Source configuration
...
```
Kaynak yapılandırılmış `source` bölme.
Kaynak türleri için [Yerel dosya](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-local_file), [Yürütülebilir dosya](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-executable), [HTTP (s)](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-http), [ClickHouse](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-clickhouse)
isteğe bağlı ayarlar mevcuttur:
``` xml
<source>
<file>
<path>/opt/dictionaries/os.tsv</path>
<format>TabSeparated</format>
</file>
<settings>
<format_csv_allow_single_quotes>0</format_csv_allow_single_quotes>
</settings>
</source>
```
veya
``` sql
SOURCE(FILE(path '/opt/dictionaries/os.tsv' format 'TabSeparated'))
SETTINGS(format_csv_allow_single_quotes = 0)
```
Kaynak türleri (`source_type`):
- [Yerel dosya](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-local_file)
- [Yürütülebilir dosya](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-executable)
- [HTTP (s)](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-http)
- DBMS
- [ODBC](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-odbc)
- [MySQL](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mysql)
- [ClickHouse](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-clickhouse)
- [MongoDB](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mongodb)
- [Redis](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-redis)
## Yerel Dosya {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-local_file}
Ayarlar örneği:
``` xml
<source>
<file>
<path>/opt/dictionaries/os.tsv</path>
<format>TabSeparated</format>
</file>
</source>
```
veya
``` sql
SOURCE(FILE(path '/opt/dictionaries/os.tsv' format 'TabSeparated'))
```
Ayar alanları:
- `path` The absolute path to the file.
- `format` The file format. All the formats described in “[Biçimliler](../../../interfaces/formats.md#formats)” desteklenir.
## Yürütülebilir Dosya {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-executable}
Yürütülebilir dosyalarla çalışmak Aşağıdakilere bağlıdır [sözlük bellekte nasıl saklanır](external-dicts-dict-layout.md). Sözlük kullanılarak saklan theıyorsa `cache` ve `complex_key_cache` ClickHouse, yürütülebilir dosyanın STDIN'SİNE bir istek göndererek gerekli anahtarları ister. Aksi takdirde, clickhouse yürütülebilir dosyayı başlatır ve çıktısını sözlük verileri olarak değerlendirir.
Ayarlar örneği:
``` xml
<source>
<executable>
<command>cat /opt/dictionaries/os.tsv</command>
<format>TabSeparated</format>
</executable>
</source>
```
veya
``` sql
SOURCE(EXECUTABLE(command 'cat /opt/dictionaries/os.tsv' format 'TabSeparated'))
```
Ayar alanları:
- `command` The absolute path to the executable file, or the file name (if the program directory is written to `PATH`).
- `format` The file format. All the formats described in “[Biçimliler](../../../interfaces/formats.md#formats)” desteklenir.
## Http (s) {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-http}
Bir HTTP (s) sunucusuyla çalışmak Aşağıdakilere bağlıdır [sözlük bellekte nasıl saklanır](external-dicts-dict-layout.md). Sözlük kullanılarak saklan theıyorsa `cache` ve `complex_key_cache`, ClickHouse aracılığıyla bir istek göndererek gerekli anahtarları ister `POST` yöntem.
Ayarlar örneği:
``` xml
<source>
<http>
<url>http://[::1]/os.tsv</url>
<format>TabSeparated</format>
<credentials>
<user>user</user>
<password>password</password>
</credentials>
<headers>
<header>
<name>API-KEY</name>
<value>key</value>
</header>
</headers>
</http>
</source>
```
veya
``` sql
SOURCE(HTTP(
url 'http://[::1]/os.tsv'
format 'TabSeparated'
credentials(user 'user' password 'password')
headers(header(name 'API-KEY' value 'key'))
))
```
Clickhouse'un bir HTTPS kaynağına erişebilmesi için şunları yapmanız gerekir [openssl'yi yapılandırma](../../../operations/server-configuration-parameters/settings.md#server_configuration_parameters-openssl) sunucu yapılandırmasında.
Ayar alanları:
- `url` The source URL.
- `format` The file format. All the formats described in “[Biçimliler](../../../interfaces/formats.md#formats)” desteklenir.
- `credentials` Basic HTTP authentication. Optional parameter.
- `user` Username required for the authentication.
- `password` Password required for the authentication.
- `headers` All custom HTTP headers entries used for the HTTP request. Optional parameter.
- `header` Single HTTP header entry.
- `name` Identifiant name used for the header send on the request.
- `value` Value set for a specific identifiant name.
## ODBC {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-odbc}
ODBC sürücüsü olan herhangi bir veritabanını bağlamak için bu yöntemi kullanabilirsiniz.
Ayarlar örneği:
``` xml
<source>
<odbc>
<db>DatabaseName</db>
<table>ShemaName.TableName</table>
<connection_string>DSN=some_parameters</connection_string>
<invalidate_query>SQL_QUERY</invalidate_query>
</odbc>
</source>
```
veya
``` sql
SOURCE(ODBC(
db 'DatabaseName'
table 'SchemaName.TableName'
connection_string 'DSN=some_parameters'
invalidate_query 'SQL_QUERY'
))
```
Ayar alanları:
- `db` Name of the database. Omit it if the database name is set in the `<connection_string>` parametre.
- `table` Name of the table and schema if exists.
- `connection_string` Connection string.
- `invalidate_query` Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [Sözlükleri güncelleme](external-dicts-dict-lifetime.md).
ClickHouse, ODBC sürücüsünden alıntı sembolleri alır ve sorgulardaki tüm ayarları sürücüye aktarır, bu nedenle tablo adını veritabanındaki tablo adı durumuna göre ayarlamak gerekir.
Oracle kullanırken kodlamalarla ilgili bir sorununuz varsa, ilgili [FAQ](../../../faq/general.md#oracle-odbc-encodings) Makale.
### ODBC Sözlük işlevselliği bilinen güvenlik açığı {#known-vulnerability-of-the-odbc-dictionary-functionality}
!!! attention "Dikkat"
ODBC sürücüsü bağlantı parametresi aracılığıyla veritabanına bağlanırken `Servername` yerine. Bu durumda değerler `USERNAME` ve `PASSWORD` itibaren `odbc.ini` uzak sunucuya gönderilir ve tehlikeye girebilir.
**Güvensiz kullanım örneği**
PostgreSQL için unixodbc'yi yapılandıralım. İçeriği `/etc/odbc.ini`:
``` text
[gregtest]
Driver = /usr/lib/psqlodbca.so
Servername = localhost
PORT = 5432
DATABASE = test_db
#OPTION = 3
USERNAME = test
PASSWORD = test
```
Daha sonra aşağıdaki gibi bir sorgu yaparsanız
``` sql
SELECT * FROM odbc('DSN=gregtest;Servername=some-server.com', 'test_db');
```
ODBC sürücüsü değerleri gönderir `USERNAME` ve `PASSWORD` itibaren `odbc.ini` -e doğru `some-server.com`.
### PostgreSQL bağlanma örneği {#example-of-connecting-postgresql}
UB .untu OS.
PostgreSQL için UNİXODBC ve ODBC sürücüsünü yükleme:
``` bash
$ sudo apt-get install -y unixodbc odbcinst odbc-postgresql
```
Yapılandırma `/etc/odbc.ini` (veya `~/.odbc.ini`):
``` text
[DEFAULT]
Driver = myconnection
[myconnection]
Description = PostgreSQL connection to my_db
Driver = PostgreSQL Unicode
Database = my_db
Servername = 127.0.0.1
UserName = username
Password = password
Port = 5432
Protocol = 9.3
ReadOnly = No
RowVersioning = No
ShowSystemTables = No
ConnSettings =
```
Clickhouse'da sözlük yapılandırması:
``` xml
<yandex>
<dictionary>
<name>table_name</name>
<source>
<odbc>
<!-- You can specify the following parameters in connection_string: -->
<!-- DSN=myconnection;UID=username;PWD=password;HOST=127.0.0.1;PORT=5432;DATABASE=my_db -->
<connection_string>DSN=myconnection</connection_string>
<table>postgresql_table</table>
</odbc>
</source>
<lifetime>
<min>300</min>
<max>360</max>
</lifetime>
<layout>
<hashed/>
</layout>
<structure>
<id>
<name>id</name>
</id>
<attribute>
<name>some_column</name>
<type>UInt64</type>
<null_value>0</null_value>
</attribute>
</structure>
</dictionary>
</yandex>
```
veya
``` sql
CREATE DICTIONARY table_name (
id UInt64,
some_column UInt64 DEFAULT 0
)
PRIMARY KEY id
SOURCE(ODBC(connection_string 'DSN=myconnection' table 'postgresql_table'))
LAYOUT(HASHED())
LIFETIME(MIN 300 MAX 360)
```
Düzenlemeniz gerekebilir `odbc.ini` sürücü ile kitaplığın tam yolunu belirtmek için `DRIVER=/usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.so`.
### MS SQL Server bağlanma örneği {#example-of-connecting-ms-sql-server}
UB .untu OS.
Sürücüyü yükleme: :
``` bash
$ sudo apt-get install tdsodbc freetds-bin sqsh
```
Sürücüyü yapılandırma:
``` bash
$ cat /etc/freetds/freetds.conf
...
[MSSQL]
host = 192.168.56.101
port = 1433
tds version = 7.0
client charset = UTF-8
$ cat /etc/odbcinst.ini
...
[FreeTDS]
Description = FreeTDS
Driver = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/libtdsodbc.so
Setup = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/libtdsS.so
FileUsage = 1
UsageCount = 5
$ cat ~/.odbc.ini
...
[MSSQL]
Description = FreeTDS
Driver = FreeTDS
Servername = MSSQL
Database = test
UID = test
PWD = test
Port = 1433
```
Clickhouse'da sözlüğü yapılandırma:
``` xml
<yandex>
<dictionary>
<name>test</name>
<source>
<odbc>
<table>dict</table>
<connection_string>DSN=MSSQL;UID=test;PWD=test</connection_string>
</odbc>
</source>
<lifetime>
<min>300</min>
<max>360</max>
</lifetime>
<layout>
<flat />
</layout>
<structure>
<id>
<name>k</name>
</id>
<attribute>
<name>s</name>
<type>String</type>
<null_value></null_value>
</attribute>
</structure>
</dictionary>
</yandex>
```
veya
``` sql
CREATE DICTIONARY test (
k UInt64,
s String DEFAULT ''
)
PRIMARY KEY k
SOURCE(ODBC(table 'dict' connection_string 'DSN=MSSQL;UID=test;PWD=test'))
LAYOUT(FLAT())
LIFETIME(MIN 300 MAX 360)
```
## DBMS {#dbms}
### Mysql {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mysql}
Ayarlar örneği:
``` xml
<source>
<mysql>
<port>3306</port>
<user>clickhouse</user>
<password>qwerty</password>
<replica>
<host>example01-1</host>
<priority>1</priority>
</replica>
<replica>
<host>example01-2</host>
<priority>1</priority>
</replica>
<db>db_name</db>
<table>table_name</table>
<where>id=10</where>
<invalidate_query>SQL_QUERY</invalidate_query>
</mysql>
</source>
```
veya
``` sql
SOURCE(MYSQL(
port 3306
user 'clickhouse'
password 'qwerty'
replica(host 'example01-1' priority 1)
replica(host 'example01-2' priority 1)
db 'db_name'
table 'table_name'
where 'id=10'
invalidate_query 'SQL_QUERY'
))
```
Ayar alanları:
- `port` The port on the MySQL server. You can specify it for all replicas, or for each one individually (inside `<replica>`).
- `user` Name of the MySQL user. You can specify it for all replicas, or for each one individually (inside `<replica>`).
- `password` Password of the MySQL user. You can specify it for all replicas, or for each one individually (inside `<replica>`).
- `replica` Section of replica configurations. There can be multiple sections.
- `replica/host` The MySQL host.
- `replica/priority` The replica priority. When attempting to connect, ClickHouse traverses the replicas in order of priority. The lower the number, the higher the priority.
- `db` Name of the database.
- `table` Name of the table.
- `where` The selection criteria. The syntax for conditions is the same as for `WHERE` MySQL, örneğin, `id > 10 AND id < 20`. İsteğe bağlı parametre.
- `invalidate_query` Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [Sözlükleri güncelleme](external-dicts-dict-lifetime.md).
MySQL yuva üzerinden yerel bir ana bilgisayara bağlanabilir. Bunu yapmak için, ayarlayın `host` ve `socket`.
Ayarlar örneği:
``` xml
<source>
<mysql>
<host>localhost</host>
<socket>/path/to/socket/file.sock</socket>
<user>clickhouse</user>
<password>qwerty</password>
<db>db_name</db>
<table>table_name</table>
<where>id=10</where>
<invalidate_query>SQL_QUERY</invalidate_query>
</mysql>
</source>
```
veya
``` sql
SOURCE(MYSQL(
host 'localhost'
socket '/path/to/socket/file.sock'
user 'clickhouse'
password 'qwerty'
db 'db_name'
table 'table_name'
where 'id=10'
invalidate_query 'SQL_QUERY'
))
```
### ClickHouse {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-clickhouse}
Ayarlar örneği:
``` xml
<source>
<clickhouse>
<host>example01-01-1</host>
<port>9000</port>
<user>default</user>
<password></password>
<db>default</db>
<table>ids</table>
<where>id=10</where>
</clickhouse>
</source>
```
veya
``` sql
SOURCE(CLICKHOUSE(
host 'example01-01-1'
port 9000
user 'default'
password ''
db 'default'
table 'ids'
where 'id=10'
))
```
Ayar alanları:
- `host` The ClickHouse host. If it is a local host, the query is processed without any network activity. To improve fault tolerance, you can create a [Dağılı](../../../engines/table-engines/special/distributed.md) tablo ve sonraki yapılandırmalarda girin.
- `port` The port on the ClickHouse server.
- `user` Name of the ClickHouse user.
- `password` Password of the ClickHouse user.
- `db` Name of the database.
- `table` Name of the table.
- `where` The selection criteria. May be omitted.
- `invalidate_query` Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [Sözlükleri güncelleme](external-dicts-dict-lifetime.md).
### Mongodb {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mongodb}
Ayarlar örneği:
``` xml
<source>
<mongodb>
<host>localhost</host>
<port>27017</port>
<user></user>
<password></password>
<db>test</db>
<collection>dictionary_source</collection>
</mongodb>
</source>
```
veya
``` sql
SOURCE(MONGO(
host 'localhost'
port 27017
user ''
password ''
db 'test'
collection 'dictionary_source'
))
```
Ayar alanları:
- `host` The MongoDB host.
- `port` The port on the MongoDB server.
- `user` Name of the MongoDB user.
- `password` Password of the MongoDB user.
- `db` Name of the database.
- `collection` Name of the collection.
### Redis {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-redis}
Ayarlar örneği:
``` xml
<source>
<redis>
<host>localhost</host>
<port>6379</port>
<storage_type>simple</storage_type>
<db_index>0</db_index>
</redis>
</source>
```
veya
``` sql
SOURCE(REDIS(
host 'localhost'
port 6379
storage_type 'simple'
db_index 0
))
```
Ayar alanları:
- `host` The Redis host.
- `port` The port on the Redis server.
- `storage_type` The structure of internal Redis storage using for work with keys. `simple` basit kaynaklar ve karma tek anahtar kaynaklar içindir, `hash_map` iki anahtarlı karma kaynaklar içindir. Ranged kaynakları ve karmaşık anahtarlı önbellek kaynakları desteklenmez. İhmal edilebilir, varsayılan değer `simple`.
- `db_index` The specific numeric index of Redis logical database. May be omitted, default value is 0.
[Orijinal makale](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_sources/) <!--hide-->