ClickHouse/docs/zh/engines/table-engines/integrations/odbc.md
Ivan Blinkov cd14f9ebcb
SQL reference refactoring (#10857)
* split up select.md

* array-join.md basic refactoring

* distinct.md basic refactoring

* format.md basic refactoring

* from.md basic refactoring

* group-by.md basic refactoring

* having.md basic refactoring

* additional index.md refactoring

* into-outfile.md basic refactoring

* join.md basic refactoring

* limit.md basic refactoring

* limit-by.md basic refactoring

* order-by.md basic refactoring

* prewhere.md basic refactoring

* adjust operators/index.md links

* adjust sample.md links

* adjust more links

* adjust operatots links

* fix some links

* adjust aggregate function article titles

* basic refactor of remaining select clauses

* absolute paths in make_links.sh

* run make_links.sh

* remove old select.md locations

* translate docs/es

* translate docs/fr

* translate docs/fa

* remove old operators.md location

* change operators.md links

* adjust links in docs/es

* adjust links in docs/es

* minor texts adjustments

* wip

* update machine translations to use new links

* fix changelog

* es build fixes

* get rid of some select.md links

* temporary adjust ru links

* temporary adjust more ru links

* improve curly brace handling

* adjust ru as well

* fa build fix

* ru link fixes

* zh link fixes

* temporary disable part of anchor checks
2020-05-15 07:34:54 +03:00

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true 72537a2d52 35 ODBC

ODBC

允许ClickHouse通过以下方式连接到外部数据库 ODBC.

为了安全地实现ODBC连接ClickHouse使用单独的程序 clickhouse-odbc-bridge. 如果直接从ODBC驱动程序加载 clickhouse-server驱动程序问题可能会导致ClickHouse服务器崩溃。 ClickHouse自动启动 clickhouse-odbc-bridge 当它是必需的。 ODBC桥程序是从相同的软件包作为安装 clickhouse-server.

该引擎支持 可为空 数据类型。

创建表

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster]
(
    name1 [type1],
    name2 [type2],
    ...
)
ENGINE = ODBC(connection_settings, external_database, external_table)

请参阅的详细说明 CREATE TABLE 查询。

表结构可以与源表结构不同:

  • 列名应与源表中的列名相同,但您可以按任何顺序使用其中的一些列。
  • 列类型可能与源表中的列类型不同。 ClickHouse尝试 ClickHouse数据类型的值。

发动机参数

  • connection_settings — Name of the section with connection settings in the odbc.ini 文件
  • external_database — Name of a database in an external DBMS.
  • external_table — Name of a table in the external_database.

用法示例

通过ODBC从本地MySQL安装中检索数据

此示例检查Ubuntu Linux18.04和MySQL服务器5.7。

确保安装了unixODBC和MySQL连接器。

默认情况下如果从软件包安装ClickHouse以用户身份启动 clickhouse. 因此您需要在MySQL服务器中创建和配置此用户。

$ sudo mysql
mysql> CREATE USER 'clickhouse'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'clickhouse';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'clickhouse'@'clickhouse' WITH GRANT OPTION;

然后配置连接 /etc/odbc.ini.

$ cat /etc/odbc.ini
[mysqlconn]
DRIVER = /usr/local/lib/libmyodbc5w.so
SERVER = 127.0.0.1
PORT = 3306
DATABASE = test
USERNAME = clickhouse
PASSWORD = clickhouse

您可以使用 isql unixodbc安装中的实用程序。

$ isql -v mysqlconn
+-------------------------+
| Connected!                            |
|                                       |
...

MySQL中的表:

mysql> CREATE TABLE `test`.`test` (
    ->   `int_id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    ->   `int_nullable` INT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   `float` FLOAT NOT NULL,
    ->   `float_nullable` FLOAT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   PRIMARY KEY (`int_id`));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,09 sec)

mysql> insert into test (`int_id`, `float`) VALUES (1,2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0,00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+------+----------+-----+----------+
| int_id | int_nullable | float | float_nullable |
+------+----------+-----+----------+
|      1 |         NULL |     2 |           NULL |
+------+----------+-----+----------+
1 row in set (0,00 sec)

ClickHouse中的表从MySQL表中检索数据:

CREATE TABLE odbc_t
(
    `int_id` Int32,
    `float_nullable` Nullable(Float32)
)
ENGINE = ODBC('DSN=mysqlconn', 'test', 'test')
SELECT * FROM odbc_t
┌─int_id─┬─float_nullable─┐
│      1 │           ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
└────────┴────────────────┘

另请参阅

原始文章