ClickHouse/docs/en/sql-reference/functions/splitting-merging-functions.md

toc_priority	toc_title
47	Splitting and Merging Strings and Arrays

Functions for Splitting and Merging Strings and Arrays

splitByChar(separator, s)

Splits a string into substrings separated by a specified character. It uses a constant string separator which consisting of exactly one character. Returns an array of selected substrings. Empty substrings may be selected if the separator occurs at the beginning or end of the string, or if there are multiple consecutive separators.

Syntax

splitByChar(<separator>, <s>)

Arguments

• separator — The separator which should contain exactly one character. String.
• s — The string to split. String.

Returned value(s)

Returns an array of selected substrings. Empty substrings may be selected when:

• A separator occurs at the beginning or end of the string;
• There are multiple consecutive separators;
• The original string s is empty.

Type: Array of String.

Example

SELECT splitByChar(',', '1,2,3,abcde')

┌─splitByChar(',', '1,2,3,abcde')─┐
│ ['1','2','3','abcde']           │
└─────────────────────────────────┘

splitByString(separator, s)

Splits a string into substrings separated by a string. It uses a constant string separator of multiple characters as the separator. If the string separator is empty, it will split the string s into an array of single characters.

Syntax

splitByString(<separator>, <s>)

Arguments

• separator — The separator. String.
• s — The string to split. String.

Returned value(s)

Returns an array of selected substrings. Empty substrings may be selected when:

Type: Array of String.

• A non-empty separator occurs at the beginning or end of the string;
• There are multiple consecutive non-empty separators;
• The original string s is empty while the separator is not empty.

Example

SELECT splitByString(', ', '1, 2 3, 4,5, abcde')

┌─splitByString(', ', '1, 2 3, 4,5, abcde')─┐
│ ['1','2 3','4,5','abcde']                 │
└───────────────────────────────────────────┘

SELECT splitByString('', 'abcde')

┌─splitByString('', 'abcde')─┐
│ ['a','b','c','d','e']      │
└────────────────────────────┘

splitByRegexp(regexp, s)

Splits a string into substrings separated by a regular expression. It uses a regular expression string regexp as the separator. If the regexp is empty, it will split the string s into an array of single characters. If no match is found for this regex expression, the string s won't be split.

Syntax

splitByRegexp(<regexp>, <s>)

Arguments

• regexp — Regular expression. Constant. String or FixedString.
• s — The string to split. String.

Returned value(s)

Returns an array of selected substrings. Empty substrings may be selected when:

• A non-empty regular expression match occurs at the beginning or end of the string;
• There are multiple consecutive non-empty regular expression matches;
• The original string s is empty while the regular expression is not empty.

Type: Array of String. Example

SELECT splitByRegexp('\\d+', 'a12bc23de345f')

┌─splitByRegexp('\\d+', 'a12bc23de345f')─┐
│ ['a','bc','de','f']                    │
└────────────────────────────────────────┘

SELECT splitByRegexp('', 'abcde')

┌─splitByRegexp('', 'abcde')─┐
│ ['a','b','c','d','e']      │
└────────────────────────────┘

arrayStringConcat(arr[, separator])

Concatenates the strings listed in the array with the separator.’separator’ is an optional parameter: a constant string, set to an empty string by default. Returns the string.

alphaTokens(s)

Selects substrings of consecutive bytes from the ranges a-z and A-Z.Returns an array of substrings.

Example

SELECT alphaTokens('abca1abc')

┌─alphaTokens('abca1abc')─┐
│ ['abca','abc']          │
└─────────────────────────┘

extractAllGroups(text, regexp)

Extracts all groups from non-overlapping substrings matched by a regular expression.

Syntax

extractAllGroups(text, regexp) 

Arguments

• text — String or FixedString.
• regexp — Regular expression. Constant. String or FixedString.

Returned values

• If the function finds at least one matching group, it returns Array(Array(String)) column, clustered by group_id (1 to N, where N is number of capturing groups in regexp).

• If there is no matching group, returns an empty array.

Type: Array.

Example

Query:

SELECT extractAllGroups('abc=123, 8="hkl"', '("[^"]+"|\\w+)=("[^"]+"|\\w+)');

Result:

┌─extractAllGroups('abc=123, 8="hkl"', '("[^"]+"|\\w+)=("[^"]+"|\\w+)')─┐
│ [['abc','123'],['8','"hkl"']]                                         │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘