ClickHouse/docs/zh/engines/table-engines/integrations/odbc.md
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---
machine_translated: true
machine_translated_rev: 72537a2d527c63c07aa5d2361a8829f3895cf2bd
toc_priority: 35
toc_title: ODBC
---
# ODBC {#table-engine-odbc}
允许ClickHouse通过以下方式连接到外部数据库 [ODBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Database_Connectivity).
为了安全地实现ODBC连接ClickHouse使用单独的程序 `clickhouse-odbc-bridge`. 如果直接从ODBC驱动程序加载 `clickhouse-server`驱动程序问题可能会导致ClickHouse服务器崩溃。 ClickHouse自动启动 `clickhouse-odbc-bridge` 当它是必需的。 ODBC桥程序是从相同的软件包作为安装 `clickhouse-server`.
该引擎支持 [可为空](../../../sql-reference/data-types/nullable.md) 数据类型。
## 创建表 {#creating-a-table}
``` sql
CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster]
(
name1 [type1],
name2 [type2],
...
)
ENGINE = ODBC(connection_settings, external_database, external_table)
```
请参阅的详细说明 [CREATE TABLE](../../../sql-reference/statements/create.md#create-table-query) 查询。
表结构可以与源表结构不同:
- 列名应与源表中的列名相同,但您可以按任何顺序使用其中的一些列。
- 列类型可能与源表中的列类型不同。 ClickHouse尝试 [投](../../../sql-reference/functions/type-conversion-functions.md#type_conversion_function-cast) ClickHouse数据类型的值。
**发动机参数**
- `connection_settings` — Name of the section with connection settings in the `odbc.ini` 文件
- `external_database` — Name of a database in an external DBMS.
- `external_table` — Name of a table in the `external_database`.
## 用法示例 {#usage-example}
**通过ODBC从本地MySQL安装中检索数据**
此示例检查Ubuntu Linux18.04和MySQL服务器5.7。
确保安装了unixODBC和MySQL连接器。
默认情况下如果从软件包安装ClickHouse以用户身份启动 `clickhouse`. 因此您需要在MySQL服务器中创建和配置此用户。
``` bash
$ sudo mysql
```
``` sql
mysql> CREATE USER 'clickhouse'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'clickhouse';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'clickhouse'@'clickhouse' WITH GRANT OPTION;
```
然后配置连接 `/etc/odbc.ini`.
``` bash
$ cat /etc/odbc.ini
[mysqlconn]
DRIVER = /usr/local/lib/libmyodbc5w.so
SERVER = 127.0.0.1
PORT = 3306
DATABASE = test
USERNAME = clickhouse
PASSWORD = clickhouse
```
您可以使用 `isql` unixodbc安装中的实用程序。
``` bash
$ isql -v mysqlconn
+-------------------------+
| Connected! |
| |
...
```
MySQL中的表:
``` text
mysql> CREATE TABLE `test`.`test` (
-> `int_id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `int_nullable` INT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
-> `float` FLOAT NOT NULL,
-> `float_nullable` FLOAT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`int_id`));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,09 sec)
mysql> insert into test (`int_id`, `float`) VALUES (1,2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0,00 sec)
mysql> select * from test;
+------+----------+-----+----------+
| int_id | int_nullable | float | float_nullable |
+------+----------+-----+----------+
| 1 | NULL | 2 | NULL |
+------+----------+-----+----------+
1 row in set (0,00 sec)
```
ClickHouse中的表从MySQL表中检索数据:
``` sql
CREATE TABLE odbc_t
(
`int_id` Int32,
`float_nullable` Nullable(Float32)
)
ENGINE = ODBC('DSN=mysqlconn', 'test', 'test')
```
``` sql
SELECT * FROM odbc_t
```
``` text
┌─int_id─┬─float_nullable─┐
│ 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
└────────┴────────────────┘
```
## 另请参阅 {#see-also}
- [ODBC外部字典](../../../sql-reference/dictionaries/external-dictionaries/external-dicts-dict-sources.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-odbc)
- [ODBC表函数](../../../sql-reference/table-functions/odbc.md)
[原始文章](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/operations/table_engines/odbc/) <!--hide-->