mirror of
https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse.git
synced 2024-12-02 04:22:03 +00:00
139 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
139 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
---
|
||
slug: /zh/engines/database-engines/postgresql
|
||
sidebar_position: 35
|
||
sidebar_label: PostgreSQL
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
# PostgreSQL {#postgresql}
|
||
|
||
允许连接到远程[PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org)服务。支持读写操作(`SELECT`和`INSERT`查询),以在ClickHouse和PostgreSQL之间交换数据。
|
||
|
||
在`SHOW TABLES`和`DESCRIBE TABLE`查询的帮助下,从远程PostgreSQL实时访问表列表和表结构。
|
||
|
||
支持表结构修改(`ALTER TABLE ... ADD|DROP COLUMN`)。如果`use_table_cache`参数(参见下面的引擎参数)设置为`1`,则会缓存表结构,不会检查是否被修改,但可以用`DETACH`和`ATTACH`查询进行更新。
|
||
|
||
## 创建数据库 {#creating-a-database}
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
CREATE DATABASE test_database
|
||
ENGINE = PostgreSQL('host:port', 'database', 'user', 'password'[, `use_table_cache`]);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**引擎参数**
|
||
|
||
- `host:port` — PostgreSQL服务地址
|
||
- `database` — 远程数据库名次
|
||
- `user` — PostgreSQL用户名称
|
||
- `password` — PostgreSQL用户密码
|
||
- `schema` - PostgreSQL 模式
|
||
- `use_table_cache` — 定义数据库表结构是否已缓存或不进行。可选的。默认值: `0`.
|
||
|
||
## 支持的数据类型 {#data_types-support}
|
||
|
||
| PostgreSQL | ClickHouse |
|
||
|------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
|
||
| DATE | [Date](../../sql-reference/data-types/date.md) |
|
||
| TIMESTAMP | [DateTime](../../sql-reference/data-types/datetime.md) |
|
||
| REAL | [Float32](../../sql-reference/data-types/float.md) |
|
||
| DOUBLE | [Float64](../../sql-reference/data-types/float.md) |
|
||
| DECIMAL, NUMERIC | [Decimal](../../sql-reference/data-types/decimal.md) |
|
||
| SMALLINT | [Int16](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md) |
|
||
| INTEGER | [Int32](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md) |
|
||
| BIGINT | [Int64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md) |
|
||
| SERIAL | [UInt32](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md) |
|
||
| BIGSERIAL | [UInt64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md) |
|
||
| TEXT, CHAR | [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md) |
|
||
| INTEGER | Nullable([Int32](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md))|
|
||
| ARRAY | [Array](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md) |
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 使用示例 {#examples-of-use}
|
||
|
||
ClickHouse中的数据库,与PostgreSQL服务器交换数据:
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
CREATE DATABASE test_database
|
||
ENGINE = PostgreSQL('postgres1:5432', 'test_database', 'postgres', 'mysecretpassword', 1);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
SHOW DATABASES;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
``` text
|
||
┌─name──────────┐
|
||
│ default │
|
||
│ test_database │
|
||
│ system │
|
||
└───────────────┘
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
SHOW TABLES FROM test_database;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
``` text
|
||
┌─name───────┐
|
||
│ test_table │
|
||
└────────────┘
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
从PostgreSQL表中读取数据:
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
SELECT * FROM test_database.test_table;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
``` text
|
||
┌─id─┬─value─┐
|
||
│ 1 │ 2 │
|
||
└────┴───────┘
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
将数据写入PostgreSQL表:
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
INSERT INTO test_database.test_table VALUES (3,4);
|
||
SELECT * FROM test_database.test_table;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
``` text
|
||
┌─int_id─┬─value─┐
|
||
│ 1 │ 2 │
|
||
│ 3 │ 4 │
|
||
└────────┴───────┘
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
在PostgreSQL中修改了表结构:
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
postgre> ALTER TABLE test_table ADD COLUMN data Text
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
当创建数据库时,参数`use_table_cache`被设置为`1`,ClickHouse中的表结构被缓存,因此没有被修改:
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
DESCRIBE TABLE test_database.test_table;
|
||
```
|
||
``` text
|
||
┌─name───┬─type──────────────┐
|
||
│ id │ Nullable(Integer) │
|
||
│ value │ Nullable(Integer) │
|
||
└────────┴───────────────────┘
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
分离表并再次附加它之后,结构被更新了:
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
DETACH TABLE test_database.test_table;
|
||
ATTACH TABLE test_database.test_table;
|
||
DESCRIBE TABLE test_database.test_table;
|
||
```
|
||
``` text
|
||
┌─name───┬─type──────────────┐
|
||
│ id │ Nullable(Integer) │
|
||
│ value │ Nullable(Integer) │
|
||
│ data │ Nullable(String) │
|
||
└────────┴───────────────────┘
|
||
```
|