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81 lines
2.0 KiB
Markdown
81 lines
2.0 KiB
Markdown
---
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machine_translated: true
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machine_translated_rev: 72537a2d527c63c07aa5d2361a8829f3895cf2bd
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---
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# CON Cláusula {#with-clause}
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Esta sección proporciona soporte para expresiones de tabla común ([CTE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_and_recursive_queries_in_SQL)), por lo que los resultados de `WITH` cláusula se puede utilizar en el interior `SELECT` clausula.
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## Limitacion {#limitations}
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1. No se admiten consultas recursivas.
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2. Cuando se usa subconsulta dentro de la sección WITH , su resultado debe ser escalar con exactamente una fila.
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3. Los resultados de la expresión no están disponibles en las subconsultas.
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## Ejemplos {#examples}
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**Ejemplo 1:** Usando expresión constante como “variable”
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``` sql
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WITH '2019-08-01 15:23:00' as ts_upper_bound
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SELECT *
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FROM hits
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WHERE
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EventDate = toDate(ts_upper_bound) AND
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EventTime <= ts_upper_bound
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```
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**Ejemplo 2:** Evictar el resultado de la expresión de sum (bytes) de la lista de columnas de la cláusula SELECT
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``` sql
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WITH sum(bytes) as s
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SELECT
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formatReadableSize(s),
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table
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FROM system.parts
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GROUP BY table
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ORDER BY s
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```
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**Ejemplo 3:** Uso de los resultados de la subconsulta escalar
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``` sql
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/* this example would return TOP 10 of most huge tables */
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WITH
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(
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SELECT sum(bytes)
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FROM system.parts
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WHERE active
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) AS total_disk_usage
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SELECT
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(sum(bytes) / total_disk_usage) * 100 AS table_disk_usage,
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table
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FROM system.parts
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GROUP BY table
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ORDER BY table_disk_usage DESC
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LIMIT 10
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```
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**Ejemplo 4:** Reutilización de la expresión en subconsulta
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Como solución alternativa para la limitación actual para el uso de expresiones en subconsultas, puede duplicarla.
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``` sql
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WITH ['hello'] AS hello
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SELECT
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hello,
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*
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FROM
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(
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WITH ['hello'] AS hello
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SELECT hello
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)
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```
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``` text
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┌─hello─────┬─hello─────┐
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│ ['hello'] │ ['hello'] │
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└───────────┴───────────┘
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```
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