ClickHouse/docs/en/operations/external-authenticators/kerberos.md
2023-03-27 14:54:05 -04:00

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slug: /en/operations/external-authenticators/kerberos
---
# Kerberos
import SelfManaged from '@site/docs/en/_snippets/_self_managed_only_no_roadmap.md';
<SelfManaged />
Existing and properly configured ClickHouse users can be authenticated via Kerberos authentication protocol.
Currently, Kerberos can only be used as an external authenticator for existing users, which are defined in `users.xml` or in local access control paths. Those users may only use HTTP requests and must be able to authenticate using GSS-SPNEGO mechanism.
For this approach, Kerberos must be configured in the system and must be enabled in ClickHouse config.
## Enabling Kerberos in ClickHouse {#enabling-kerberos-in-clickhouse}
To enable Kerberos, one should include `kerberos` section in `config.xml`. This section may contain additional parameters.
#### Parameters:
- `principal` - canonical service principal name that will be acquired and used when accepting security contexts.
- This parameter is optional, if omitted, the default principal will be used.
- `realm` - a realm, that will be used to restrict authentication to only those requests whose initiator's realm matches it.
- This parameter is optional, if omitted, no additional filtering by realm will be applied.
- `keytab` - path to service keytab file.
- This parameter is optional, if omitted, path to service keytab file must be set in `KRB5_KTNAME` environment variable.
Example (goes into `config.xml`):
```xml
<clickhouse>
<!- ... -->
<kerberos />
</clickhouse>
```
With principal specification:
```xml
<clickhouse>
<!- ... -->
<kerberos>
<principal>HTTP/clickhouse.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM</principal>
</kerberos>
</clickhouse>
```
With filtering by realm:
```xml
<clickhouse>
<!- ... -->
<kerberos>
<realm>EXAMPLE.COM</realm>
</kerberos>
</clickhouse>
```
:::note
You can define only one `kerberos` section. The presence of multiple `kerberos` sections will force ClickHouse to disable Kerberos authentication.
:::
:::note
`principal` and `realm` sections cannot be specified at the same time. The presence of both `principal` and `realm` sections will force ClickHouse to disable Kerberos authentication.
:::
## Kerberos as an external authenticator for existing users {#kerberos-as-an-external-authenticator-for-existing-users}
Kerberos can be used as a method for verifying the identity of locally defined users (users defined in `users.xml` or in local access control paths). Currently, **only** requests over the HTTP interface can be *kerberized* (via GSS-SPNEGO mechanism).
Kerberos principal name format usually follows this pattern:
- *primary/instance@REALM*
The */instance* part may occur zero or more times. **The *primary* part of the canonical principal name of the initiator is expected to match the kerberized user name for authentication to succeed**.
### Enabling Kerberos in `users.xml` {#enabling-kerberos-in-users-xml}
In order to enable Kerberos authentication for the user, specify `kerberos` section instead of `password` or similar sections in the user definition.
Parameters:
- `realm` - a realm that will be used to restrict authentication to only those requests whose initiator's realm matches it.
- This parameter is optional, if omitted, no additional filtering by realm will be applied.
Example (goes into `users.xml`):
```xml
<clickhouse>
<!- ... -->
<users>
<!- ... -->
<my_user>
<!- ... -->
<kerberos>
<realm>EXAMPLE.COM</realm>
</kerberos>
</my_user>
</users>
</clickhouse>
```
:::note
Note that Kerberos authentication cannot be used alongside with any other authentication mechanism. The presence of any other sections like `password` alongside `kerberos` will force ClickHouse to shutdown.
:::
:::info Reminder
Note, that now, once user `my_user` uses `kerberos`, Kerberos must be enabled in the main `config.xml` file as described previously.
:::
### Enabling Kerberos using SQL {#enabling-kerberos-using-sql}
When [SQL-driven Access Control and Account Management](/docs/en/guides/sre/user-management/index.md#access-control) is enabled in ClickHouse, users identified by Kerberos can also be created using SQL statements.
```sql
CREATE USER my_user IDENTIFIED WITH kerberos REALM 'EXAMPLE.COM'
```
...or, without filtering by realm:
```sql
CREATE USER my_user IDENTIFIED WITH kerberos
```