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* split up select.md * array-join.md basic refactoring * distinct.md basic refactoring * format.md basic refactoring * from.md basic refactoring * group-by.md basic refactoring * having.md basic refactoring * additional index.md refactoring * into-outfile.md basic refactoring * join.md basic refactoring * limit.md basic refactoring * limit-by.md basic refactoring * order-by.md basic refactoring * prewhere.md basic refactoring * adjust operators/index.md links * adjust sample.md links * adjust more links * adjust operatots links * fix some links * adjust aggregate function article titles * basic refactor of remaining select clauses * absolute paths in make_links.sh * run make_links.sh * remove old select.md locations * translate docs/es * translate docs/fr * translate docs/fa * remove old operators.md location * change operators.md links * adjust links in docs/es * adjust links in docs/es * minor texts adjustments * wip * update machine translations to use new links * fix changelog * es build fixes * get rid of some select.md links * temporary adjust ru links * temporary adjust more ru links * improve curly brace handling * adjust ru as well * fa build fix * ru link fixes * zh link fixes * temporary disable part of anchor checks
176 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
176 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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machine_translated: true
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machine_translated_rev: 72537a2d527c63c07aa5d2361a8829f3895cf2bd
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toc_priority: 44
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toc_title: "\u5B57\u5178\u952E\u548C\u5B57\u6BB5"
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---
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# 字典键和字段 {#dictionary-key-and-fields}
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该 `<structure>` 子句描述可用于查询的字典键和字段。
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XML描述:
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``` xml
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<dictionary>
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<structure>
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<id>
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<name>Id</name>
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</id>
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<attribute>
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<!-- Attribute parameters -->
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</attribute>
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...
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</structure>
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</dictionary>
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```
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属性在元素中描述:
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- `<id>` — [键列](external-dicts-dict-structure.md#ext_dict_structure-key).
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- `<attribute>` — [数据列](external-dicts-dict-structure.md#ext_dict_structure-attributes). 可以有多个属性。
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DDL查询:
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``` sql
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CREATE DICTIONARY dict_name (
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Id UInt64,
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-- attributes
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)
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PRIMARY KEY Id
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...
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```
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查询正文中描述了属性:
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- `PRIMARY KEY` — [键列](external-dicts-dict-structure.md#ext_dict_structure-key)
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- `AttrName AttrType` — [数据列](external-dicts-dict-structure.md#ext_dict_structure-attributes). 可以有多个属性。
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## 键 {#ext_dict_structure-key}
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ClickHouse支持以下类型的键:
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- 数字键。 `UInt64`. 在定义 `<id>` 标记或使用 `PRIMARY KEY` 关键字。
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- 复合密钥。 组不同类型的值。 在标签中定义 `<key>` 或 `PRIMARY KEY` 关键字。
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Xml结构可以包含 `<id>` 或 `<key>`. DDL-查询必须包含单个 `PRIMARY KEY`.
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!!! warning "警告"
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不能将键描述为属性。
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### 数字键 {#ext_dict-numeric-key}
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类型: `UInt64`.
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配置示例:
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``` xml
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<id>
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<name>Id</name>
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</id>
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```
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配置字段:
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- `name` – The name of the column with keys.
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对于DDL-查询:
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``` sql
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CREATE DICTIONARY (
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Id UInt64,
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...
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)
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PRIMARY KEY Id
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...
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```
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- `PRIMARY KEY` – The name of the column with keys.
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### 复合密钥 {#composite-key}
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关键可以是一个 `tuple` 从任何类型的字段。 该 [布局](external-dicts-dict-layout.md) 在这种情况下,必须是 `complex_key_hashed` 或 `complex_key_cache`.
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!!! tip "提示"
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复合键可以由单个元素组成。 例如,这使得可以使用字符串作为键。
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键结构在元素中设置 `<key>`. 键字段的格式与字典的格式相同 [属性](external-dicts-dict-structure.md). 示例:
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``` xml
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<structure>
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<key>
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<attribute>
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<name>field1</name>
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<type>String</type>
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</attribute>
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<attribute>
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<name>field2</name>
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<type>UInt32</type>
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</attribute>
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...
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</key>
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...
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```
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或
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``` sql
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CREATE DICTIONARY (
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field1 String,
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field2 String
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...
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)
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PRIMARY KEY field1, field2
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...
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```
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对于查询 `dictGet*` 函数中,一个元组作为键传递。 示例: `dictGetString('dict_name', 'attr_name', tuple('string for field1', num_for_field2))`.
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## 属性 {#ext_dict_structure-attributes}
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配置示例:
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``` xml
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<structure>
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...
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<attribute>
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<name>Name</name>
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<type>ClickHouseDataType</type>
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<null_value></null_value>
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<expression>rand64()</expression>
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<hierarchical>true</hierarchical>
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<injective>true</injective>
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<is_object_id>true</is_object_id>
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</attribute>
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</structure>
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```
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或
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``` sql
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CREATE DICTIONARY somename (
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Name ClickHouseDataType DEFAULT '' EXPRESSION rand64() HIERARCHICAL INJECTIVE IS_OBJECT_ID
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)
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```
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配置字段:
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| 标签 | 产品描述 | 必填项 |
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|------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
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| `name` | 列名称。 | 是 |
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| `type` | ClickHouse数据类型。<br/>ClickHouse尝试将字典中的值转换为指定的数据类型。 例如,对于MySQL,该字段可能是 `TEXT`, `VARCHAR`,或 `BLOB` 在MySQL源表中,但它可以上传为 `String` 在克里克豪斯<br/>[可为空](../../../sql-reference/data-types/nullable.md) 不支持。 | 是 |
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| `null_value` | 非现有元素的默认值。<br/>在示例中,它是一个空字符串。 你不能使用 `NULL` 在这个领域。 | 是 |
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| `expression` | [表达式](../../syntax.md#syntax-expressions) ClickHouse对该值执行。<br/>表达式可以是远程SQL数据库中的列名。 因此,您可以使用它为远程列创建别名。<br/><br/>默认值:无表达式。 | 非也。 |
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| <a name="hierarchical-dict-attr"></a> `hierarchical` | 如果 `true`,该属性包含当前键的父键值。 看 [分层字典](external-dicts-dict-hierarchical.md).<br/><br/>默认值: `false`. | 非也。 |
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| `injective` | 标志,显示是否 `id -> attribute` 图像是 [注射](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injective_function).<br/>如果 `true`,ClickHouse可以自动放置后 `GROUP BY` 子句注入字典的请求。 通常它显着减少了这种请求的数量。<br/><br/>默认值: `false`. | 非也。 |
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| `is_object_id` | 显示是否通过以下方式对MongoDB文档执行查询的标志 `ObjectID`.<br/><br/>默认值: `false`. | 非也。 |
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## 另请参阅 {#see-also}
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- [使用外部字典的函数](../../../sql-reference/functions/ext-dict-functions.md).
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[原始文章](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_structure/) <!--hide-->
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