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281 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
281 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
---
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slug: /zh/getting-started/install
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sidebar_position: 11
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sidebar_label: 安装部署
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---
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# 安装 {#clickhouse-an-zhuang}
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## 系统要求 {#xi-tong-yao-qiu}
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ClickHouse可以在任何具有x86_64，AArch64或PowerPC64LE CPU架构的Linux，FreeBSD或Mac OS X上运行。
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官方预构建的二进制文件通常针对x86_64进行编译，并利用`SSE 4.2`指令集，因此，除非另有说明，支持它的CPU使用将成为额外的系统需求。下面是检查当前CPU是否支持SSE 4.2的命令:
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``` bash
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$ grep -q sse4_2 /proc/cpuinfo && echo "SSE 4.2 supported" || echo "SSE 4.2 not supported"
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```
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要在不支持`SSE 4.2`或`AArch64`，`PowerPC64LE`架构的处理器上运行ClickHouse，您应该通过适当的配置调整从[源代码构建ClickHouse](#from-sources)。
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## 可用安装包 {#install-from-deb-packages}
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### `DEB`安装包
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建议使用Debian或Ubuntu的官方预编译`deb`软件包。运行以下命令来安装包:
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``` bash
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sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates dirmngr
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sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 8919F6BD2B48D754
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echo "deb https://packages.clickhouse.com/deb stable main" | sudo tee \
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/etc/apt/sources.list.d/clickhouse.list
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install -y clickhouse-server clickhouse-client
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sudo service clickhouse-server start
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clickhouse-client # or "clickhouse-client --password" if you've set up a password.
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```
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<details markdown="1">
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<summary>Deprecated Method for installing deb-packages</summary>
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``` bash
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sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates dirmngr
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sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv E0C56BD4
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echo "deb https://repo.clickhouse.com/deb/stable/ main/" | sudo tee \
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/etc/apt/sources.list.d/clickhouse.list
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install -y clickhouse-server clickhouse-client
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sudo service clickhouse-server start
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clickhouse-client # or "clickhouse-client --password" if you set up a password.
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```
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</details>
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如果您想使用最新的版本，请用`testing`替代`stable`(我们只推荐您用于测试环境)。
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你也可以从这里手动下载安装包：[下载](https://packages.clickhouse.com/deb/pool/stable)。
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安装包列表：
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- `clickhouse-common-static` — ClickHouse编译的二进制文件。
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- `clickhouse-server` — 创建`clickhouse-server`软连接，并安装默认配置服务
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- `clickhouse-client` — 创建`clickhouse-client`客户端工具软连接，并安装客户端配置文件。
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- `clickhouse-common-static-dbg` — 带有调试信息的ClickHouse二进制文件。
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### `RPM`安装包 {#from-rpm-packages}
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推荐使用CentOS、RedHat和所有其他基于rpm的Linux发行版的官方预编译`rpm`包。
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首先，您需要添加官方存储库：
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``` bash
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sudo yum install -y yum-utils
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sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://packages.clickhouse.com/rpm/clickhouse.repo
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sudo yum install -y clickhouse-server clickhouse-client
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sudo /etc/init.d/clickhouse-server start
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clickhouse-client # or "clickhouse-client --password" if you set up a password.
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```
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<details markdown="1">
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<summary>Deprecated Method for installing rpm-packages</summary>
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``` bash
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sudo yum install yum-utils
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sudo rpm --import https://repo.clickhouse.com/CLICKHOUSE-KEY.GPG
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sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://repo.clickhouse.com/rpm/clickhouse.repo
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sudo yum install clickhouse-server clickhouse-client
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sudo /etc/init.d/clickhouse-server start
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clickhouse-client # or "clickhouse-client --password" if you set up a password.
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```
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</details>
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如果您想使用最新的版本，请用`testing`替代`stable`(我们只推荐您用于测试环境)。`prestable`有时也可用。
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然后运行命令安装：
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``` bash
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sudo yum install clickhouse-server clickhouse-client
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```
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你也可以从这里手动下载安装包：[下载](https://packages.clickhouse.com/rpm/stable)。
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### `Tgz`安装包 {#from-tgz-archives}
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如果您的操作系统不支持安装`deb`或`rpm`包，建议使用官方预编译的`tgz`软件包。
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所需的版本可以通过`curl`或`wget`从存储库`https://packages.clickhouse.com/tgz/`下载。
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下载后解压缩下载资源文件并使用安装脚本进行安装。以下是一个最新稳定版本的安装示例:
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``` bash
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LATEST_VERSION=$(curl -s https://packages.clickhouse.com/tgz/stable/ | \
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grep -Eo '[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+' | sort -V -r | head -n 1)
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export LATEST_VERSION
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case $(uname -m) in
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x86_64) ARCH=amd64 ;;
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aarch64) ARCH=arm64 ;;
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*) echo "Unknown architecture $(uname -m)"; exit 1 ;;
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esac
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for PKG in clickhouse-common-static clickhouse-common-static-dbg clickhouse-server clickhouse-client
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do
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curl -fO "https://packages.clickhouse.com/tgz/stable/$PKG-$LATEST_VERSION-${ARCH}.tgz" \
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|| curl -fO "https://packages.clickhouse.com/tgz/stable/$PKG-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz"
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done
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tar -xzvf "clickhouse-common-static-$LATEST_VERSION-${ARCH}.tgz" \
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|| tar -xzvf "clickhouse-common-static-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz"
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sudo "clickhouse-common-static-$LATEST_VERSION/install/doinst.sh"
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tar -xzvf "clickhouse-common-static-dbg-$LATEST_VERSION-${ARCH}.tgz" \
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|| tar -xzvf "clickhouse-common-static-dbg-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz"
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sudo "clickhouse-common-static-dbg-$LATEST_VERSION/install/doinst.sh"
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tar -xzvf "clickhouse-server-$LATEST_VERSION-${ARCH}.tgz" \
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|| tar -xzvf "clickhouse-server-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz"
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sudo "clickhouse-server-$LATEST_VERSION/install/doinst.sh" configure
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sudo /etc/init.d/clickhouse-server start
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tar -xzvf "clickhouse-client-$LATEST_VERSION-${ARCH}.tgz" \
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|| tar -xzvf "clickhouse-client-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz"
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sudo "clickhouse-client-$LATEST_VERSION/install/doinst.sh"
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```
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<details markdown="1">
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<summary>Deprecated Method for installing tgz archives</summary>
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``` bash
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export LATEST_VERSION=$(curl -s https://repo.clickhouse.com/tgz/stable/ | \
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grep -Eo '[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+' | sort -V -r | head -n 1)
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curl -O https://repo.clickhouse.com/tgz/stable/clickhouse-common-static-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz
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curl -O https://repo.clickhouse.com/tgz/stable/clickhouse-common-static-dbg-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz
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curl -O https://repo.clickhouse.com/tgz/stable/clickhouse-server-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz
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curl -O https://repo.clickhouse.com/tgz/stable/clickhouse-client-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz
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tar -xzvf clickhouse-common-static-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz
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sudo clickhouse-common-static-$LATEST_VERSION/install/doinst.sh
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tar -xzvf clickhouse-common-static-dbg-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz
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sudo clickhouse-common-static-dbg-$LATEST_VERSION/install/doinst.sh
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tar -xzvf clickhouse-server-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz
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sudo clickhouse-server-$LATEST_VERSION/install/doinst.sh
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sudo /etc/init.d/clickhouse-server start
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tar -xzvf clickhouse-client-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz
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sudo clickhouse-client-$LATEST_VERSION/install/doinst.sh
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```
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</details>
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对于生产环境，建议使用最新的`stable`版本。你可以在GitHub页面https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/tags找到它，它以后缀`-stable`标志。
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### `Docker`安装包 {#from-docker-image}
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要在Docker中运行ClickHouse，请遵循[Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/clickhouse/clickhouse-server/)上的指南。它是官方的`deb`安装包。
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### 其他环境安装包 {#from-other}
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对于非linux操作系统和Arch64 CPU架构，ClickHouse将会以`master`分支的最新提交的进行编译提供(它将会有几小时的延迟)。
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- [macOS](https://builds.clickhouse.com/master/macos/clickhouse) — `curl -O 'https://builds.clickhouse.com/master/macos/clickhouse' && chmod a+x ./clickhouse`
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- [FreeBSD](https://builds.clickhouse.com/master/freebsd/clickhouse) — `curl -O 'https://builds.clickhouse.com/master/freebsd/clickhouse' && chmod a+x ./clickhouse`
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- [AArch64](https://builds.clickhouse.com/master/aarch64/clickhouse) — `curl -O 'https://builds.clickhouse.com/master/aarch64/clickhouse' && chmod a+x ./clickhouse`
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下载后，您可以使用`clickhouse client`连接服务，或者使用`clickhouse local`模式处理数据，不过您必须要额外在GitHub下载[server](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/blob/master/programs/server/config.xml)和[users](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/blob/master/programs/server/users.xml)配置文件。
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不建议在生产环境中使用这些构建版本，因为它们没有经过充分的测试，但是您可以自行承担这样做的风险。它们只是ClickHouse功能的一个部分。
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### 使用源码安装 {#from-sources}
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要手动编译ClickHouse, 请遵循[Linux](../development/build.md)或[Mac OS X](../development/build-osx.md)说明。
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您可以编译并安装它们，也可以使用不安装包的程序。通过手动构建，您可以禁用`SSE 4.2`或`AArch64 cpu`。
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Client: programs/clickhouse-client
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Server: programs/clickhouse-server
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您需要创建一个数据和元数据文件夹，并为所需的用户`chown`授权。它们的路径可以在服务器配置(`src/programs/server/config.xml`)中改变，默认情况下它们是:
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/opt/clickhouse/data/default/
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/opt/clickhouse/metadata/default/
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在Gentoo上，你可以使用`emerge clickhouse`从源代码安装ClickHouse。
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## 启动 {#qi-dong}
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如果没有`service`，可以运行如下命令在后台启动服务：
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``` bash
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/clickhouse-server start
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```
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日志文件将输出在`/var/log/clickhouse-server/`文件夹。
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如果服务器没有启动，检查`/etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml`中的配置。
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您也可以手动从控制台启动服务器:
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```bash
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$ clickhouse-server --config-file=/etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml
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```
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在这种情况下，日志将被打印到控制台，这在开发过程中很方便。
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如果配置文件在当前目录中，则不需要指定`——config-file`参数。默认情况下，它的路径为`./config.xml`。
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ClickHouse支持访问限制设置。它们位于`users.xml`文件(与`config.xml`同级目录)。
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默认情况下，允许`default`用户从任何地方访问，不需要密码。可查看`user/default/networks`。
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更多信息，请参见[Configuration Files](../operations/configuration-files.md)。
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启动服务后，您可以使用命令行客户端连接到它:
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``` bash
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$ clickhouse-client
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```
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默认情况下，使用`default`用户并不携带密码连接到`localhost:9000`。还可以使用`--host`参数连接到指定服务器。
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终端必须使用UTF-8编码。
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更多信息，请参阅[Command-line client](../interfaces/cli.md)。
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示例：
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```
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$ ./clickhouse-client
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ClickHouse client version 0.0.18749.
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Connecting to localhost:9000.
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Connected to ClickHouse server version 0.0.18749.
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:) SELECT 1
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SELECT 1
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┌─1─┐
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│ 1 │
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└───┘
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1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.003 sec.
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:)
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```
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**恭喜，系统已经工作了!**
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为了继续进行实验，你可以尝试下载测试数据集或查看[教程](./tutorial.md)。
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[原始文章](https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/getting_started/install/) <!--hide-->
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