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153 lines
9.0 KiB
Markdown
---
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toc_priority: 48
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toc_title: Access Control and Account Management
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---
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# Access Control and Account Management {#access-control}
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ClickHouse supports access control management based on [RBAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role-based_access_control) approach.
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ClickHouse access entities:
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- [User account](#user-account-management)
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- [Role](#role-management)
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- [Row Policy](#row-policy-management)
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- [Settings Profile](#settings-profiles-management)
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- [Quota](#quotas-management)
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You can configure access entities using:
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- SQL-driven workflow.
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You need to [enable](#enabling-access-control) this functionality.
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- Server [configuration files](../operations/configuration-files.md) `users.xml` and `config.xml`.
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We recommend using SQL-driven workflow. Both of the configuration methods work simultaneously, so if you use the server configuration files for managing accounts and access rights, you can smoothly switch to SQL-driven workflow.
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!!! note "Warning"
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You can’t manage the same access entity by both configuration methods simultaneously.
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To see all users, roles, profiles, etc. and all their grants use [SHOW ACCESS](../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-access-statement) statement.
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## Usage {#access-control-usage}
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By default, the ClickHouse server provides the `default` user account which is not allowed using SQL-driven access control and account management but has all the rights and permissions. The `default` user account is used in any cases when the username is not defined, for example, at login from client or in distributed queries. In distributed query processing a default user account is used, if the configuration of the server or cluster does not specify the [user and password](../engines/table-engines/special/distributed.md) properties.
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If you just started using ClickHouse, consider the following scenario:
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1. [Enable](#enabling-access-control) SQL-driven access control and account management for the `default` user.
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2. Log in to the `default` user account and create all the required users. Don’t forget to create an administrator account (`GRANT ALL ON *.* TO admin_user_account WITH GRANT OPTION`).
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3. [Restrict permissions](../operations/settings/permissions-for-queries.md#permissions_for_queries) for the `default` user and disable SQL-driven access control and account management for it.
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### Properties of Current Solution {#access-control-properties}
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- You can grant permissions for databases and tables even if they do not exist.
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- If a table was deleted, all the privileges that correspond to this table are not revoked. This means that even if you create a new table with the same name later, all the privileges remain valid. To revoke privileges corresponding to the deleted table, you need to execute, for example, the `REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON db.table FROM ALL` query.
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- There are no lifetime settings for privileges.
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## User Account {#user-account-management}
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A user account is an access entity that allows to authorize someone in ClickHouse. A user account contains:
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- Identification information.
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- [Privileges](../sql-reference/statements/grant.md#grant-privileges) that define a scope of queries the user can execute.
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- Hosts allowed to connect to the ClickHouse server.
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- Assigned and default roles.
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- Settings with their constraints applied by default at user login.
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- Assigned settings profiles.
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Privileges can be granted to a user account by the [GRANT](../sql-reference/statements/grant.md) query or by assigning [roles](#role-management). To revoke privileges from a user, ClickHouse provides the [REVOKE](../sql-reference/statements/revoke.md) query. To list privileges for a user, use the [SHOW GRANTS](../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-grants-statement) statement.
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Management queries:
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- [CREATE USER](../sql-reference/statements/create/user.md)
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- [ALTER USER](../sql-reference/statements/alter/user.md#alter-user-statement)
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- [DROP USER](../sql-reference/statements/drop.md)
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- [SHOW CREATE USER](../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-create-user-statement)
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- [SHOW USERS](../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-users-statement)
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### Settings Applying {#access-control-settings-applying}
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Settings can be configured differently: for a user account, in its granted roles and in settings profiles. At user login, if a setting is configured for different access entities, the value and constraints of this setting are applied as follows (from higher to lower priority):
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1. User account settings.
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2. The settings of default roles of the user account. If a setting is configured in some roles, then order of the setting application is undefined.
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3. The settings from settings profiles assigned to a user or to its default roles. If a setting is configured in some profiles, then order of setting application is undefined.
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4. Settings applied to all the server by default or from the [default profile](../operations/server-configuration-parameters/settings.md#default-profile).
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## Role {#role-management}
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Role is a container for access entities that can be granted to a user account.
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Role contains:
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- [Privileges](../sql-reference/statements/grant.md#grant-privileges)
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- Settings and constraints
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- List of assigned roles
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Management queries:
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- [CREATE ROLE](../sql-reference/statements/create/role.md)
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- [ALTER ROLE](../sql-reference/statements/alter/role.md#alter-role-statement)
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- [DROP ROLE](../sql-reference/statements/drop.md)
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- [SET ROLE](../sql-reference/statements/set-role.md)
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- [SET DEFAULT ROLE](../sql-reference/statements/set-role.md#set-default-role-statement)
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- [SHOW CREATE ROLE](../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-create-role-statement)
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- [SHOW ROLES](../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-roles-statement)
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Privileges can be granted to a role by the [GRANT](../sql-reference/statements/grant.md) query. To revoke privileges from a role ClickHouse provides the [REVOKE](../sql-reference/statements/revoke.md) query.
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## Row Policy {#row-policy-management}
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Row policy is a filter that defines which of the rows are available to a user or a role. Row policy contains filters for one particular table, as well as a list of roles and/or users which should use this row policy.
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!!! note "Warning"
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Row policies makes sense only for users with readonly access. If user can modify table or copy partitions between tables, it defeats the restrictions of row policies.
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Management queries:
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- [CREATE ROW POLICY](../sql-reference/statements/create/row-policy.md)
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- [ALTER ROW POLICY](../sql-reference/statements/alter/row-policy.md#alter-row-policy-statement)
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- [DROP ROW POLICY](../sql-reference/statements/drop.md#drop-row-policy-statement)
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- [SHOW CREATE ROW POLICY](../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-create-row-policy-statement)
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- [SHOW POLICIES](../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-policies-statement)
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## Settings Profile {#settings-profiles-management}
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Settings profile is a collection of [settings](../operations/settings/index.md). Settings profile contains settings and constraints, as well as a list of roles and/or users to which this profile is applied.
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Management queries:
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- [CREATE SETTINGS PROFILE](../sql-reference/statements/create/settings-profile.md#create-settings-profile-statement)
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- [ALTER SETTINGS PROFILE](../sql-reference/statements/alter/settings-profile.md#alter-settings-profile-statement)
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- [DROP SETTINGS PROFILE](../sql-reference/statements/drop.md#drop-settings-profile-statement)
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- [SHOW CREATE SETTINGS PROFILE](../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-create-settings-profile-statement)
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- [SHOW PROFILES](../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-profiles-statement)
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## Quota {#quotas-management}
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Quota limits resource usage. See [Quotas](../operations/quotas.md).
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Quota contains a set of limits for some durations, as well as a list of roles and/or users which should use this quota.
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Management queries:
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- [CREATE QUOTA](../sql-reference/statements/create/quota.md)
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- [ALTER QUOTA](../sql-reference/statements/alter/quota.md#alter-quota-statement)
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- [DROP QUOTA](../sql-reference/statements/drop.md#drop-quota-statement)
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- [SHOW CREATE QUOTA](../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-create-quota-statement)
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- [SHOW QUOTA](../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-quota-statement)
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- [SHOW QUOTAS](../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-quotas-statement)
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## Enabling SQL-driven Access Control and Account Management {#enabling-access-control}
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- Setup a directory for configurations storage.
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ClickHouse stores access entity configurations in the folder set in the [access_control_path](../operations/server-configuration-parameters/settings.md#access_control_path) server configuration parameter.
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- Enable SQL-driven access control and account management for at least one user account.
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By default, SQL-driven access control and account management is disabled for all users. You need to configure at least one user in the `users.xml` configuration file and set the value of the [access_management](../operations/settings/settings-users.md#access_management-user-setting) setting to 1.
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[Original article](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/operations/access_rights/) <!--hide-->
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