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118 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
118 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
# Command-line Client
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To work from the command line, you can use `clickhouse-client`:
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```bash
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$ clickhouse-client
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ClickHouse client version 0.0.26176.
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Connecting to localhost:9000.
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Connected to ClickHouse server version 0.0.26176.
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:)
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```
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The client supports command-line options and configuration files. For more information, see "[Configuring](#interfaces_cli_configuration)".
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## Usage {#cli_usage}
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The client can be used in interactive and non-interactive (batch) mode.
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To use batch mode, specify the 'query' parameter, or send data to 'stdin' (it verifies that 'stdin' is not a terminal), or both.
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Similar to the HTTP interface, when using the 'query' parameter and sending data to 'stdin', the request is a concatenation of the 'query' parameter, a line feed, and the data in 'stdin'. This is convenient for large INSERT queries.
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Example of using the client to insert data:
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```bash
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echo -ne "1, 'some text', '2016-08-14 00:00:00'\n2, 'some more text', '2016-08-14 00:00:01'" | clickhouse-client --database=test --query="INSERT INTO test FORMAT CSV";
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cat <<_EOF | clickhouse-client --database=test --query="INSERT INTO test FORMAT CSV";
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3, 'some text', '2016-08-14 00:00:00'
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4, 'some more text', '2016-08-14 00:00:01'
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_EOF
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cat file.csv | clickhouse-client --database=test --query="INSERT INTO test FORMAT CSV";
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```
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In batch mode, the default data format is TabSeparated. You can set the format in the FORMAT clause of the query.
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By default, you can only process a single query in batch mode. To make multiple queries from a "script," use the --multiquery parameter. This works for all queries except INSERT. Query results are output consecutively without additional separators.
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Similarly, to process a large number of queries, you can run 'clickhouse-client' for each query. Note that it may take tens of milliseconds to launch the 'clickhouse-client' program.
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In interactive mode, you get a command line where you can enter queries.
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If 'multiline' is not specified (the default):To run the query, press Enter. The semicolon is not necessary at the end of the query. To enter a multiline query, enter a backslash `\` before the line feed. After you press Enter, you will be asked to enter the next line of the query.
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If multiline is specified:To run a query, end it with a semicolon and press Enter. If the semicolon was omitted at the end of the entered line, you will be asked to enter the next line of the query.
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Only a single query is run, so everything after the semicolon is ignored.
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You can specify `\G` instead of or after the semicolon. This indicates Vertical format. In this format, each value is printed on a separate line, which is convenient for wide tables. This unusual feature was added for compatibility with the MySQL CLI.
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The command line is based on 'readline' (and 'history' or 'libedit', or without a library, depending on the build). In other words, it uses the familiar keyboard shortcuts and keeps a history.
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The history is written to `~/.clickhouse-client-history`.
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By default, the format used is PrettyCompact. You can change the format in the FORMAT clause of the query, or by specifying `\G` at the end of the query, using the `--format` or `--vertical` argument in the command line, or using the client configuration file.
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To exit the client, press Ctrl+D (or Ctrl+C), or enter one of the following instead of a query: "exit", "quit", "logout", "exit;", "quit;", "logout;", "q", "Q", ":q"
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When processing a query, the client shows:
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1. Progress, which is updated no more than 10 times per second (by default). For quick queries, the progress might not have time to be displayed.
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2. The formatted query after parsing, for debugging.
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3. The result in the specified format.
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4. The number of lines in the result, the time passed, and the average speed of query processing.
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You can cancel a long query by pressing Ctrl+C. However, you will still need to wait a little for the server to abort the request. It is not possible to cancel a query at certain stages. If you don't wait and press Ctrl+C a second time, the client will exit.
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The command-line client allows passing external data (external temporary tables) for querying. For more information, see the section "External data for query processing".
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## Configuring {#interfaces_cli_configuration}
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You can pass parameters to `clickhouse-client` (all parameters have a default value) using:
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- From the Command Line
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Command-line options override the default values and settings in configuration files.
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- Configuration files.
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Settings in the configuration files override the default values.
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### Command Line Options
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- `--host, -h` -– The server name, 'localhost' by default. You can use either the name or the IPv4 or IPv6 address.
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- `--port` – The port to connect to. Default value: 9000. Note that the HTTP interface and the native interface use different ports.
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- `--user, -u` – The username. Default value: default.
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- `--password` – The password. Default value: empty string.
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- `--query, -q` – The query to process when using non-interactive mode.
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- `--database, -d` – Select the current default database. Default value: the current database from the server settings ('default' by default).
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- `--multiline, -m` – If specified, allow multiline queries (do not send the query on Enter).
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- `--multiquery, -n` – If specified, allow processing multiple queries separated by commas. Only works in non-interactive mode.
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- `--format, -f` – Use the specified default format to output the result.
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- `--vertical, -E` – If specified, use the Vertical format by default to output the result. This is the same as '--format=Vertical'. In this format, each value is printed on a separate line, which is helpful when displaying wide tables.
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- `--time, -t` – If specified, print the query execution time to 'stderr' in non-interactive mode.
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- `--stacktrace` – If specified, also print the stack trace if an exception occurs.
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- `--config-file` – The name of the configuration file.
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- `--secure` – If specified, will connect to server over secure connection.
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### Configuration Files
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`clickhouse-client` uses the first existing file of the following:
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- Defined in the `-config-file` parameter.
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- `./clickhouse-client.xml`
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- `~/.clickhouse-client/config.xml`
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- `/etc/clickhouse-client/config.xml`
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Example of a config file:
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```xml
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<config>
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<user>username</user>
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<password>password</password>
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<secure>False</secure>
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</config>
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```
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[Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/interfaces/cli/) <!--hide-->
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