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542 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
542 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
---
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slug: /en/sql-reference/functions/ip-address-functions
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sidebar_position: 95
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sidebar_label: IP Addresses
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---
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# Functions for Working with IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses
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## IPv4NumToString(num)
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Takes a UInt32 number. Interprets it as an IPv4 address in big endian. Returns a string containing the corresponding IPv4 address in the format A.B.C.d (dot-separated numbers in decimal form).
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Alias: `INET_NTOA`.
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## IPv4StringToNum(s)
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The reverse function of IPv4NumToString. If the IPv4 address has an invalid format, it throws exception.
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Alias: `INET_ATON`.
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## IPv4StringToNumOrDefault(s)
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Same as `IPv4StringToNum`, but if the IPv4 address has an invalid format, it returns 0.
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## IPv4StringToNumOrNull(s)
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Same as `IPv4StringToNum`, but if the IPv4 address has an invalid format, it returns null.
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## IPv4NumToStringClassC(num)
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Similar to IPv4NumToString, but using xxx instead of the last octet.
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Example:
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``` sql
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SELECT
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IPv4NumToStringClassC(ClientIP) AS k,
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count() AS c
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FROM test.hits
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GROUP BY k
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ORDER BY c DESC
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LIMIT 10
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```
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``` text
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┌─k──────────────┬─────c─┐
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│ 83.149.9.xxx │ 26238 │
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│ 217.118.81.xxx │ 26074 │
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│ 213.87.129.xxx │ 25481 │
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│ 83.149.8.xxx │ 24984 │
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│ 217.118.83.xxx │ 22797 │
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│ 78.25.120.xxx │ 22354 │
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│ 213.87.131.xxx │ 21285 │
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│ 78.25.121.xxx │ 20887 │
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│ 188.162.65.xxx │ 19694 │
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│ 83.149.48.xxx │ 17406 │
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└────────────────┴───────┘
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```
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Since using ‘xxx’ is highly unusual, this may be changed in the future. We recommend that you do not rely on the exact format of this fragment.
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### IPv6NumToString(x)
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Accepts a FixedString(16) value containing the IPv6 address in binary format. Returns a string containing this address in text format.
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IPv6-mapped IPv4 addresses are output in the format ::ffff:111.222.33.44.
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Alias: `INET6_NTOA`.
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Examples:
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``` sql
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SELECT IPv6NumToString(toFixedString(unhex('2A0206B8000000000000000000000011'), 16)) AS addr;
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```
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``` text
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┌─addr─────────┐
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│ 2a02:6b8::11 │
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└──────────────┘
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```
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``` sql
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SELECT
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IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6 AS k),
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count() AS c
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FROM hits_all
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WHERE EventDate = today() AND substring(ClientIP6, 1, 12) != unhex('00000000000000000000FFFF')
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GROUP BY k
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ORDER BY c DESC
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LIMIT 10
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```
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``` text
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┌─IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6)──────────────┬─────c─┐
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│ 2a02:2168:aaa:bbbb::2 │ 24695 │
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│ 2a02:2698:abcd:abcd:abcd:abcd:8888:5555 │ 22408 │
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│ 2a02:6b8:0:fff::ff │ 16389 │
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│ 2a01:4f8:111:6666::2 │ 16016 │
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│ 2a02:2168:888:222::1 │ 15896 │
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│ 2a01:7e00::ffff:ffff:ffff:222 │ 14774 │
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│ 2a02:8109:eee:ee:eeee:eeee:eeee:eeee │ 14443 │
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│ 2a02:810b:8888:888:8888:8888:8888:8888 │ 14345 │
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│ 2a02:6b8:0:444:4444:4444:4444:4444 │ 14279 │
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│ 2a01:7e00::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff │ 13880 │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────┴───────┘
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```
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``` sql
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SELECT
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IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6 AS k),
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count() AS c
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FROM hits_all
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WHERE EventDate = today()
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GROUP BY k
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ORDER BY c DESC
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LIMIT 10
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```
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``` text
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┌─IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6)─┬──────c─┐
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│ ::ffff:94.26.111.111 │ 747440 │
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│ ::ffff:37.143.222.4 │ 529483 │
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│ ::ffff:5.166.111.99 │ 317707 │
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│ ::ffff:46.38.11.77 │ 263086 │
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│ ::ffff:79.105.111.111 │ 186611 │
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│ ::ffff:93.92.111.88 │ 176773 │
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│ ::ffff:84.53.111.33 │ 158709 │
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│ ::ffff:217.118.11.22 │ 154004 │
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│ ::ffff:217.118.11.33 │ 148449 │
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│ ::ffff:217.118.11.44 │ 148243 │
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└────────────────────────────┴────────┘
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```
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## IPv6StringToNum
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The reverse function of [IPv6NumToString](#ipv6numtostringx). If the IPv6 address has an invalid format, it throws exception.
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If the input string contains a valid IPv4 address, returns its IPv6 equivalent.
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HEX can be uppercase or lowercase.
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Alias: `INET6_ATON`.
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**Syntax**
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``` sql
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IPv6StringToNum(string)
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```
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**Argument**
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- `string` — IP address. [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md).
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**Returned value**
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- IPv6 address in binary format.
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Type: [FixedString(16)](../../sql-reference/data-types/fixedstring.md).
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**Example**
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Query:
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``` sql
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SELECT addr, cutIPv6(IPv6StringToNum(addr), 0, 0) FROM (SELECT ['notaddress', '127.0.0.1', '1111::ffff'] AS addr) ARRAY JOIN addr;
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```
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Result:
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``` text
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┌─addr───────┬─cutIPv6(IPv6StringToNum(addr), 0, 0)─┐
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│ notaddress │ :: │
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│ 127.0.0.1 │ ::ffff:127.0.0.1 │
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│ 1111::ffff │ 1111::ffff │
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└────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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**See Also**
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- [cutIPv6](#cutipv6x-bytestocutforipv6-bytestocutforipv4).
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## IPv6StringToNumOrDefault(s)
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Same as `IPv6StringToNum`, but if the IPv6 address has an invalid format, it returns 0.
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## IPv6StringToNumOrNull(s)
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Same as `IPv6StringToNum`, but if the IPv6 address has an invalid format, it returns null.
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## IPv4ToIPv6(x)
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Takes a `UInt32` number. Interprets it as an IPv4 address in [big endian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness). Returns a `FixedString(16)` value containing the IPv6 address in binary format. Examples:
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``` sql
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SELECT IPv6NumToString(IPv4ToIPv6(IPv4StringToNum('192.168.0.1'))) AS addr;
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```
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``` text
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┌─addr───────────────┐
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│ ::ffff:192.168.0.1 │
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└────────────────────┘
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```
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## cutIPv6(x, bytesToCutForIPv6, bytesToCutForIPv4)
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Accepts a FixedString(16) value containing the IPv6 address in binary format. Returns a string containing the address of the specified number of bytes removed in text format. For example:
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``` sql
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WITH
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IPv6StringToNum('2001:0DB8:AC10:FE01:FEED:BABE:CAFE:F00D') AS ipv6,
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IPv4ToIPv6(IPv4StringToNum('192.168.0.1')) AS ipv4
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SELECT
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cutIPv6(ipv6, 2, 0),
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cutIPv6(ipv4, 0, 2)
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```
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``` text
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┌─cutIPv6(ipv6, 2, 0)─────────────────┬─cutIPv6(ipv4, 0, 2)─┐
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│ 2001:db8:ac10:fe01:feed:babe:cafe:0 │ ::ffff:192.168.0.0 │
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└─────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
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```
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## IPv4CIDRToRange(ipv4, Cidr),
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Accepts an IPv4 and an UInt8 value containing the [CIDR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing). Return a tuple with two IPv4 containing the lower range and the higher range of the subnet.
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``` sql
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SELECT IPv4CIDRToRange(toIPv4('192.168.5.2'), 16);
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```
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``` text
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┌─IPv4CIDRToRange(toIPv4('192.168.5.2'), 16)─┐
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│ ('192.168.0.0','192.168.255.255') │
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└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## IPv6CIDRToRange(ipv6, Cidr),
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Accepts an IPv6 and an UInt8 value containing the CIDR. Return a tuple with two IPv6 containing the lower range and the higher range of the subnet.
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``` sql
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SELECT IPv6CIDRToRange(toIPv6('2001:0db8:0000:85a3:0000:0000:ac1f:8001'), 32);
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```
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``` text
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┌─IPv6CIDRToRange(toIPv6('2001:0db8:0000:85a3:0000:0000:ac1f:8001'), 32)─┐
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│ ('2001:db8::','2001:db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff') │
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└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## toIPv4(string)
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An alias to `IPv4StringToNum()` that takes a string form of IPv4 address and returns value of [IPv4](../../sql-reference/data-types/domains/ipv4.md) type, which is binary equal to value returned by `IPv4StringToNum()`.
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``` sql
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WITH
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'171.225.130.45' as IPv4_string
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SELECT
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toTypeName(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string)),
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toTypeName(toIPv4(IPv4_string))
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```
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``` text
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┌─toTypeName(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string))─┬─toTypeName(toIPv4(IPv4_string))─┐
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│ UInt32 │ IPv4 │
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└──────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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``` sql
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WITH
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'171.225.130.45' as IPv4_string
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SELECT
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hex(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string)),
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hex(toIPv4(IPv4_string))
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```
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``` text
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┌─hex(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string))─┬─hex(toIPv4(IPv4_string))─┐
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│ ABE1822D │ ABE1822D │
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└───────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘
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```
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## toIPv4OrDefault(string)
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Same as `toIPv4`, but if the IPv4 address has an invalid format, it returns `0.0.0.0` (0 IPv4).
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## toIPv4OrNull(string)
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Same as `toIPv4`, but if the IPv4 address has an invalid format, it returns null.
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## toIPv6OrDefault(string)
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Same as `toIPv6`, but if the IPv6 address has an invalid format, it returns `::` (0 IPv6).
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## toIPv6OrNull(string)
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Same as `toIPv6`, but if the IPv6 address has an invalid format, it returns null.
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## toIPv6
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Converts a string form of IPv6 address to [IPv6](../../sql-reference/data-types/domains/ipv6.md) type. If the IPv6 address has an invalid format, returns an empty value.
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Similar to [IPv6StringToNum](#ipv6stringtonums) function, which converts IPv6 address to binary format.
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If the input string contains a valid IPv4 address, then the IPv6 equivalent of the IPv4 address is returned.
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**Syntax**
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```sql
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toIPv6(string)
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```
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**Argument**
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- `string` — IP address. [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md)
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**Returned value**
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- IP address.
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Type: [IPv6](../../sql-reference/data-types/domains/ipv6.md).
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**Examples**
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Query:
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``` sql
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WITH '2001:438:ffff::407d:1bc1' AS IPv6_string
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SELECT
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hex(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string)),
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hex(toIPv6(IPv6_string));
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```
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Result:
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``` text
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┌─hex(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string))─┬─hex(toIPv6(IPv6_string))─────────┐
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│ 20010438FFFF000000000000407D1BC1 │ 20010438FFFF000000000000407D1BC1 │
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└───────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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Query:
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``` sql
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SELECT toIPv6('127.0.0.1');
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```
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Result:
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``` text
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┌─toIPv6('127.0.0.1')─┐
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│ ::ffff:127.0.0.1 │
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└─────────────────────┘
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```
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## IPv6StringToNumOrDefault(s)
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Same as `toIPv6`, but if the IPv6 address has an invalid format, it returns 0.
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## IPv6StringToNumOrNull(s)
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Same as `toIPv6`, but if the IPv6 address has an invalid format, it returns null.
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## isIPv4String
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Determines whether the input string is an IPv4 address or not. If `string` is IPv6 address returns `0`.
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**Syntax**
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```sql
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isIPv4String(string)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `string` — IP address. [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md).
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**Returned value**
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- `1` if `string` is IPv4 address, `0` otherwise.
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Type: [UInt8](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md).
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**Examples**
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Query:
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```sql
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SELECT addr, isIPv4String(addr) FROM ( SELECT ['0.0.0.0', '127.0.0.1', '::ffff:127.0.0.1'] AS addr ) ARRAY JOIN addr;
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```
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Result:
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``` text
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┌─addr─────────────┬─isIPv4String(addr)─┐
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│ 0.0.0.0 │ 1 │
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│ 127.0.0.1 │ 1 │
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│ ::ffff:127.0.0.1 │ 0 │
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└──────────────────┴────────────────────┘
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```
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## isIPv6String
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Determines whether the input string is an IPv6 address or not. If `string` is IPv4 address returns `0`.
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**Syntax**
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```sql
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isIPv6String(string)
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```
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**Arguments**
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- `string` — IP address. [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md).
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**Returned value**
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- `1` if `string` is IPv6 address, `0` otherwise.
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Type: [UInt8](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md).
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**Examples**
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Query:
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``` sql
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SELECT addr, isIPv6String(addr) FROM ( SELECT ['::', '1111::ffff', '::ffff:127.0.0.1', '127.0.0.1'] AS addr ) ARRAY JOIN addr;
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```
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Result:
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``` text
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┌─addr─────────────┬─isIPv6String(addr)─┐
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│ :: │ 1 │
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│ 1111::ffff │ 1 │
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│ ::ffff:127.0.0.1 │ 1 │
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│ 127.0.0.1 │ 0 │
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└──────────────────┴────────────────────┘
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```
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## isIPAddressInRange
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Determines if an IP address is contained in a network represented in the [CIDR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing) notation. Returns `1` if true, or `0` otherwise.
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**Syntax**
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``` sql
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isIPAddressInRange(address, prefix)
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```
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This function accepts both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses (and networks) represented as strings. It returns `0` if the IP version of the address and the CIDR don't match.
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**Arguments**
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- `address` — An IPv4 or IPv6 address. [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md).
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- `prefix` — An IPv4 or IPv6 network prefix in CIDR. [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md).
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**Returned value**
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- `1` or `0`.
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Type: [UInt8](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md).
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**Example**
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Query:
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``` sql
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SELECT isIPAddressInRange('127.0.0.1', '127.0.0.0/8');
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```
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Result:
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``` text
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┌─isIPAddressInRange('127.0.0.1', '127.0.0.0/8')─┐
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│ 1 │
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└────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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Query:
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``` sql
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SELECT isIPAddressInRange('127.0.0.1', 'ffff::/16');
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```
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Result:
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``` text
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┌─isIPAddressInRange('127.0.0.1', 'ffff::/16')─┐
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│ 0 │
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└──────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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Query:
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``` sql
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SELECT isIPAddressInRange('::ffff:192.168.0.1', '::ffff:192.168.0.4/128');
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```
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Result:
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``` text
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┌─isIPAddressInRange('::ffff:192.168.0.1', '::ffff:192.168.0.4/128')─┐
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│ 0 │
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└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## reverseDNSQuery
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Performs a reverse DNS query to get the PTR records associated with the IP address.
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**Syntax**
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``` sql
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reverseDNSQuery(address)
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```
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This function performs reverse DNS resolutions on both IPv4 and IPv6.
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**Arguments**
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|
||
- `address` — An IPv4 or IPv6 address. [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md).
|
||
|
||
**Returned value**
|
||
|
||
- Associated domains (PTR records).
|
||
|
||
Type: Type: [Array(String)](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md).
|
||
|
||
**Example**
|
||
|
||
Query:
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
SELECT reverseDNSQuery('192.168.0.2');
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Result:
|
||
|
||
``` text
|
||
┌─reverseDNSQuery('192.168.0.2')────────────┐
|
||
│ ['test2.example.com','test3.example.com'] │
|
||
└───────────────────────────────────────────┘
|
||
```
|