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* split up select.md * array-join.md basic refactoring * distinct.md basic refactoring * format.md basic refactoring * from.md basic refactoring * group-by.md basic refactoring * having.md basic refactoring * additional index.md refactoring * into-outfile.md basic refactoring * join.md basic refactoring * limit.md basic refactoring * limit-by.md basic refactoring * order-by.md basic refactoring * prewhere.md basic refactoring * adjust operators/index.md links * adjust sample.md links * adjust more links * adjust operatots links * fix some links * adjust aggregate function article titles * basic refactor of remaining select clauses * absolute paths in make_links.sh * run make_links.sh * remove old select.md locations * translate docs/es * translate docs/fr * translate docs/fa * remove old operators.md location * change operators.md links * adjust links in docs/es * adjust links in docs/es * minor texts adjustments * wip * update machine translations to use new links * fix changelog * es build fixes * get rid of some select.md links * temporary adjust ru links * temporary adjust more ru links * improve curly brace handling * adjust ru as well * fa build fix * ru link fixes * zh link fixes * temporary disable part of anchor checks
631 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
631 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
---
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machine_translated: true
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machine_translated_rev: 72537a2d527c63c07aa5d2361a8829f3895cf2bd
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toc_priority: 43
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toc_title: "\u5916\u90E8\u8F9E\u66F8\u306E\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9"
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---
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# 外部辞書のソース {#dicts-external-dicts-dict-sources}
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外部辞書は、さまざまなソースから接続できます。
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||
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辞書がxml-fileを使用して構成されている場合、構成は次のようになります:
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||
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``` xml
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<yandex>
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<dictionary>
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||
...
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||
<source>
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<source_type>
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||
<!-- Source configuration -->
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||
</source_type>
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</source>
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...
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</dictionary>
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...
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</yandex>
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```
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の場合 [DDL-クエリ](../../statements/create.md#create-dictionary-query)、等しい構成は次のようになります:
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``` sql
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CREATE DICTIONARY dict_name (...)
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...
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SOURCE(SOURCE_TYPE(param1 val1 ... paramN valN)) -- Source configuration
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...
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```
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ソースは、 `source` セクション
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ソースタイプの場合 [ローカル](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-local_file), [実行可能ファイル](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-executable), [HTTP(s)](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-http), [クリックハウス](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-clickhouse)
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任意設定は利用できる:
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||
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``` xml
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||
<source>
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||
<file>
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||
<path>/opt/dictionaries/os.tsv</path>
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<format>TabSeparated</format>
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</file>
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<settings>
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<format_csv_allow_single_quotes>0</format_csv_allow_single_quotes>
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</settings>
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</source>
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||
```
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||
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または
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||
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``` sql
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SOURCE(FILE(path '/opt/dictionaries/os.tsv' format 'TabSeparated'))
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SETTINGS(format_csv_allow_single_quotes = 0)
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```
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ソースの種類 (`source_type`):
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||
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- [ローカル](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-local_file)
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- [実行可能ファイル](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-executable)
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- [HTTP(s)](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-http)
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- DBMS
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- [ODBC](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-odbc)
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- [MySQL](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mysql)
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- [クリックハウス](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-clickhouse)
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- [MongoDB](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mongodb)
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- [Redis](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-redis)
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||
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## ローカル {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-local_file}
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設定例:
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||
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``` xml
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<source>
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<file>
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||
<path>/opt/dictionaries/os.tsv</path>
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<format>TabSeparated</format>
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||
</file>
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</source>
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||
```
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||
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または
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||
|
||
``` sql
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SOURCE(FILE(path '/opt/dictionaries/os.tsv' format 'TabSeparated'))
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||
```
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||
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||
フィールドの設定:
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||
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- `path` – The absolute path to the file.
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- `format` – The file format. All the formats described in “[形式](../../../interfaces/formats.md#formats)” サポートされます。
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||
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## 実行可能ファイル {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-executable}
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実行可能ファイルを操作するには [辞書をメモリに格納する方法](external-dicts-dict-layout.md). 辞書が以下を使用して格納されている場合 `cache` と `complex_key_cache`,ClickHouseは、実行可能ファイルのSTDINに要求を送信することによって、必要なキーを要求します。 その他、ClickHouse始まり実行可能ファイルを扱い、その出力としての辞書のデータです。
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||
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設定例:
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||
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``` xml
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<source>
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<executable>
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<command>cat /opt/dictionaries/os.tsv</command>
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<format>TabSeparated</format>
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</executable>
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</source>
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```
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または
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``` sql
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SOURCE(EXECUTABLE(command 'cat /opt/dictionaries/os.tsv' format 'TabSeparated'))
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```
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フィールドの設定:
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||
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- `command` – The absolute path to the executable file, or the file name (if the program directory is written to `PATH`).
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- `format` – The file format. All the formats described in “[形式](../../../interfaces/formats.md#formats)” サポートされます。
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## Http(s) {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-http}
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HTTPサーバーでの作業は次のように依存します [辞書をメモリに格納する方法](external-dicts-dict-layout.md). 辞書が以下を使用して格納されている場合 `cache` と `complex_key_cache` クトを送信することにより、必要なキーを要求します。 `POST` 方法。
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||
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設定例:
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||
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``` xml
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<source>
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<http>
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<url>http://[::1]/os.tsv</url>
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<format>TabSeparated</format>
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<credentials>
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<user>user</user>
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<password>password</password>
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</credentials>
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<headers>
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<header>
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<name>API-KEY</name>
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<value>key</value>
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</header>
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</headers>
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</http>
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</source>
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```
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または
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||
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``` sql
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SOURCE(HTTP(
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url 'http://[::1]/os.tsv'
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format 'TabSeparated'
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credentials(user 'user' password 'password')
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headers(header(name 'API-KEY' value 'key'))
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))
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```
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ClickHouseがHTTPSリソースにアクセスするには、次の操作が必要です [openSSLの設定](../../../operations/server-configuration-parameters/settings.md#server_configuration_parameters-openssl) サーバー構成で。
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フィールドの設定:
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||
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- `url` – The source URL.
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- `format` – The file format. All the formats described in “[形式](../../../interfaces/formats.md#formats)” サポートされます。
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- `credentials` – Basic HTTP authentication. Optional parameter.
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- `user` – Username required for the authentication.
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- `password` – Password required for the authentication.
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- `headers` – All custom HTTP headers entries used for the HTTP request. Optional parameter.
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- `header` – Single HTTP header entry.
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- `name` – Identifiant name used for the header send on the request.
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- `value` – Value set for a specific identifiant name.
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## ODBC {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-odbc}
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このメソッドを使用して、ODBCドライバーを持つデータベースに接続できます。
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設定例:
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``` xml
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<source>
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<odbc>
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<db>DatabaseName</db>
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<table>ShemaName.TableName</table>
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<connection_string>DSN=some_parameters</connection_string>
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<invalidate_query>SQL_QUERY</invalidate_query>
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</odbc>
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</source>
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```
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または
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``` sql
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SOURCE(ODBC(
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db 'DatabaseName'
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table 'SchemaName.TableName'
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connection_string 'DSN=some_parameters'
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invalidate_query 'SQL_QUERY'
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))
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```
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フィールドの設定:
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- `db` – Name of the database. Omit it if the database name is set in the `<connection_string>` 変数。
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- `table` – Name of the table and schema if exists.
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- `connection_string` – Connection string.
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- `invalidate_query` – Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [辞書の更新](external-dicts-dict-lifetime.md).
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ClickHouseはODBC-driverから引用シンボルを受け取り、クエリ内のすべての設定をdriverに引用するため、データベース内のテーブル名の大文字と小文字に応じてテーブル名を
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Oracleの使用時にエンコーディングに問題がある場合は、対応するものを参照してください [FAQ](../../../faq/general.md#oracle-odbc-encodings) 記事だ
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### ODBCディクショナリ機能の既知の脆弱性 {#known-vulnerability-of-the-odbc-dictionary-functionality}
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!!! attention "注意"
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ODBCドライバー接続パラメーターでデータベースに接続する場合 `Servername` 置換可能である。 この場合の値は `USERNAME` と `PASSWORD` から `odbc.ini` リモートサーバーに送信され、侵害される可能性があります。
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**安全でない使用の例**
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||
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||
PostgreSQL用のunixODBCを設定しましょう。 の内容 `/etc/odbc.ini`:
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||
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||
``` text
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[gregtest]
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||
Driver = /usr/lib/psqlodbca.so
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Servername = localhost
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PORT = 5432
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DATABASE = test_db
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||
#OPTION = 3
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USERNAME = test
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PASSWORD = test
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```
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次に、次のようなクエリを作成する場合
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``` sql
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SELECT * FROM odbc('DSN=gregtest;Servername=some-server.com', 'test_db');
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```
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||
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ODBCドライバは、次の値を送信します `USERNAME` と `PASSWORD` から `odbc.ini` に `some-server.com`.
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||
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||
### Postgresqlの接続例 {#example-of-connecting-postgresql}
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||
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||
Ubuntu OS。
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||
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UnixodbcとPOSTGRESQL用ODBCドライバのインストール:
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||
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||
``` bash
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$ sudo apt-get install -y unixodbc odbcinst odbc-postgresql
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```
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||
設定 `/etc/odbc.ini` (または `~/.odbc.ini`):
|
||
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||
``` text
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[DEFAULT]
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Driver = myconnection
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[myconnection]
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Description = PostgreSQL connection to my_db
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Driver = PostgreSQL Unicode
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Database = my_db
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||
Servername = 127.0.0.1
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||
UserName = username
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||
Password = password
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||
Port = 5432
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||
Protocol = 9.3
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||
ReadOnly = No
|
||
RowVersioning = No
|
||
ShowSystemTables = No
|
||
ConnSettings =
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
ClickHouseの辞書構成:
|
||
|
||
``` xml
|
||
<yandex>
|
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<dictionary>
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<name>table_name</name>
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<source>
|
||
<odbc>
|
||
<!-- You can specify the following parameters in connection_string: -->
|
||
<!-- DSN=myconnection;UID=username;PWD=password;HOST=127.0.0.1;PORT=5432;DATABASE=my_db -->
|
||
<connection_string>DSN=myconnection</connection_string>
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||
<table>postgresql_table</table>
|
||
</odbc>
|
||
</source>
|
||
<lifetime>
|
||
<min>300</min>
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||
<max>360</max>
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||
</lifetime>
|
||
<layout>
|
||
<hashed/>
|
||
</layout>
|
||
<structure>
|
||
<id>
|
||
<name>id</name>
|
||
</id>
|
||
<attribute>
|
||
<name>some_column</name>
|
||
<type>UInt64</type>
|
||
<null_value>0</null_value>
|
||
</attribute>
|
||
</structure>
|
||
</dictionary>
|
||
</yandex>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
または
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
CREATE DICTIONARY table_name (
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||
id UInt64,
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some_column UInt64 DEFAULT 0
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)
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||
PRIMARY KEY id
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||
SOURCE(ODBC(connection_string 'DSN=myconnection' table 'postgresql_table'))
|
||
LAYOUT(HASHED())
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||
LIFETIME(MIN 300 MAX 360)
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||
```
|
||
|
||
編集が必要な場合があります `odbc.ini` ドライバを使用してライブラリへの完全パスを指定するには `DRIVER=/usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.so`.
|
||
|
||
### MS SQL Serverの接続例 {#example-of-connecting-ms-sql-server}
|
||
|
||
Ubuntu OS。
|
||
|
||
ドライバの取り付け: :
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
$ sudo apt-get install tdsodbc freetds-bin sqsh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
ドライバの設定:
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
$ cat /etc/freetds/freetds.conf
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
[MSSQL]
|
||
host = 192.168.56.101
|
||
port = 1433
|
||
tds version = 7.0
|
||
client charset = UTF-8
|
||
|
||
$ cat /etc/odbcinst.ini
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
[FreeTDS]
|
||
Description = FreeTDS
|
||
Driver = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/libtdsodbc.so
|
||
Setup = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/libtdsS.so
|
||
FileUsage = 1
|
||
UsageCount = 5
|
||
|
||
$ cat ~/.odbc.ini
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
[MSSQL]
|
||
Description = FreeTDS
|
||
Driver = FreeTDS
|
||
Servername = MSSQL
|
||
Database = test
|
||
UID = test
|
||
PWD = test
|
||
Port = 1433
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
ClickHouseでの辞書の構成:
|
||
|
||
``` xml
|
||
<yandex>
|
||
<dictionary>
|
||
<name>test</name>
|
||
<source>
|
||
<odbc>
|
||
<table>dict</table>
|
||
<connection_string>DSN=MSSQL;UID=test;PWD=test</connection_string>
|
||
</odbc>
|
||
</source>
|
||
|
||
<lifetime>
|
||
<min>300</min>
|
||
<max>360</max>
|
||
</lifetime>
|
||
|
||
<layout>
|
||
<flat />
|
||
</layout>
|
||
|
||
<structure>
|
||
<id>
|
||
<name>k</name>
|
||
</id>
|
||
<attribute>
|
||
<name>s</name>
|
||
<type>String</type>
|
||
<null_value></null_value>
|
||
</attribute>
|
||
</structure>
|
||
</dictionary>
|
||
</yandex>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
または
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
CREATE DICTIONARY test (
|
||
k UInt64,
|
||
s String DEFAULT ''
|
||
)
|
||
PRIMARY KEY k
|
||
SOURCE(ODBC(table 'dict' connection_string 'DSN=MSSQL;UID=test;PWD=test'))
|
||
LAYOUT(FLAT())
|
||
LIFETIME(MIN 300 MAX 360)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## DBMS {#dbms}
|
||
|
||
### Mysql {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mysql}
|
||
|
||
設定例:
|
||
|
||
``` xml
|
||
<source>
|
||
<mysql>
|
||
<port>3306</port>
|
||
<user>clickhouse</user>
|
||
<password>qwerty</password>
|
||
<replica>
|
||
<host>example01-1</host>
|
||
<priority>1</priority>
|
||
</replica>
|
||
<replica>
|
||
<host>example01-2</host>
|
||
<priority>1</priority>
|
||
</replica>
|
||
<db>db_name</db>
|
||
<table>table_name</table>
|
||
<where>id=10</where>
|
||
<invalidate_query>SQL_QUERY</invalidate_query>
|
||
</mysql>
|
||
</source>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
または
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
SOURCE(MYSQL(
|
||
port 3306
|
||
user 'clickhouse'
|
||
password 'qwerty'
|
||
replica(host 'example01-1' priority 1)
|
||
replica(host 'example01-2' priority 1)
|
||
db 'db_name'
|
||
table 'table_name'
|
||
where 'id=10'
|
||
invalidate_query 'SQL_QUERY'
|
||
))
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
フィールドの設定:
|
||
|
||
- `port` – The port on the MySQL server. You can specify it for all replicas, or for each one individually (inside `<replica>`).
|
||
|
||
- `user` – Name of the MySQL user. You can specify it for all replicas, or for each one individually (inside `<replica>`).
|
||
|
||
- `password` – Password of the MySQL user. You can specify it for all replicas, or for each one individually (inside `<replica>`).
|
||
|
||
- `replica` – Section of replica configurations. There can be multiple sections.
|
||
|
||
- `replica/host` – The MySQL host.
|
||
- `replica/priority` – The replica priority. When attempting to connect, ClickHouse traverses the replicas in order of priority. The lower the number, the higher the priority.
|
||
|
||
- `db` – Name of the database.
|
||
|
||
- `table` – Name of the table.
|
||
|
||
- `where` – The selection criteria. The syntax for conditions is the same as for `WHERE` MySQLの句、例えば, `id > 10 AND id < 20`. 任意パラメータ。
|
||
|
||
- `invalidate_query` – Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [辞書の更新](external-dicts-dict-lifetime.md).
|
||
|
||
MySQLはソケットを介してローカルホストに接続できます。 これを行うには、 `host` と `socket`.
|
||
|
||
設定例:
|
||
|
||
``` xml
|
||
<source>
|
||
<mysql>
|
||
<host>localhost</host>
|
||
<socket>/path/to/socket/file.sock</socket>
|
||
<user>clickhouse</user>
|
||
<password>qwerty</password>
|
||
<db>db_name</db>
|
||
<table>table_name</table>
|
||
<where>id=10</where>
|
||
<invalidate_query>SQL_QUERY</invalidate_query>
|
||
</mysql>
|
||
</source>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
または
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
SOURCE(MYSQL(
|
||
host 'localhost'
|
||
socket '/path/to/socket/file.sock'
|
||
user 'clickhouse'
|
||
password 'qwerty'
|
||
db 'db_name'
|
||
table 'table_name'
|
||
where 'id=10'
|
||
invalidate_query 'SQL_QUERY'
|
||
))
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### クリックハウス {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-clickhouse}
|
||
|
||
設定例:
|
||
|
||
``` xml
|
||
<source>
|
||
<clickhouse>
|
||
<host>example01-01-1</host>
|
||
<port>9000</port>
|
||
<user>default</user>
|
||
<password></password>
|
||
<db>default</db>
|
||
<table>ids</table>
|
||
<where>id=10</where>
|
||
</clickhouse>
|
||
</source>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
または
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
SOURCE(CLICKHOUSE(
|
||
host 'example01-01-1'
|
||
port 9000
|
||
user 'default'
|
||
password ''
|
||
db 'default'
|
||
table 'ids'
|
||
where 'id=10'
|
||
))
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
フィールドの設定:
|
||
|
||
- `host` – The ClickHouse host. If it is a local host, the query is processed without any network activity. To improve fault tolerance, you can create a [分散](../../../engines/table-engines/special/distributed.md) テーブルと後続の構成でそれを入力します。
|
||
- `port` – The port on the ClickHouse server.
|
||
- `user` – Name of the ClickHouse user.
|
||
- `password` – Password of the ClickHouse user.
|
||
- `db` – Name of the database.
|
||
- `table` – Name of the table.
|
||
- `where` – The selection criteria. May be omitted.
|
||
- `invalidate_query` – Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [辞書の更新](external-dicts-dict-lifetime.md).
|
||
|
||
### Mongodb {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mongodb}
|
||
|
||
設定例:
|
||
|
||
``` xml
|
||
<source>
|
||
<mongodb>
|
||
<host>localhost</host>
|
||
<port>27017</port>
|
||
<user></user>
|
||
<password></password>
|
||
<db>test</db>
|
||
<collection>dictionary_source</collection>
|
||
</mongodb>
|
||
</source>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
または
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
SOURCE(MONGO(
|
||
host 'localhost'
|
||
port 27017
|
||
user ''
|
||
password ''
|
||
db 'test'
|
||
collection 'dictionary_source'
|
||
))
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
フィールドの設定:
|
||
|
||
- `host` – The MongoDB host.
|
||
- `port` – The port on the MongoDB server.
|
||
- `user` – Name of the MongoDB user.
|
||
- `password` – Password of the MongoDB user.
|
||
- `db` – Name of the database.
|
||
- `collection` – Name of the collection.
|
||
|
||
### Redis {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-redis}
|
||
|
||
設定例:
|
||
|
||
``` xml
|
||
<source>
|
||
<redis>
|
||
<host>localhost</host>
|
||
<port>6379</port>
|
||
<storage_type>simple</storage_type>
|
||
<db_index>0</db_index>
|
||
</redis>
|
||
</source>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
または
|
||
|
||
``` sql
|
||
SOURCE(REDIS(
|
||
host 'localhost'
|
||
port 6379
|
||
storage_type 'simple'
|
||
db_index 0
|
||
))
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
フィールドの設定:
|
||
|
||
- `host` – The Redis host.
|
||
- `port` – The port on the Redis server.
|
||
- `storage_type` – The structure of internal Redis storage using for work with keys. `simple` は簡単な源のためのハッシュされたシングルキー源, `hash_map` 二つのキーを持つハッシュソース用です。 距源およびキャッシュ源の複雑な鍵サポートされていません。 省略可能であり、デフォルト値は `simple`.
|
||
- `db_index` – The specific numeric index of Redis logical database. May be omitted, default value is 0.
|
||
|
||
[元の記事](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_sources/) <!--hide-->
|